本文關(guān)鍵詞：緬甸克倫族分離運(yùn)動研究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：緬甸獨(dú)立之初,緬共、克倫民族聯(lián)盟率先掀起與政府的權(quán)力大戰(zhàn),從此,緬甸陷入長達(dá)60多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。本文試圖通過梳理緬甸克倫民族分離運(yùn)動產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及轉(zhuǎn)向的歷程,揭示克倫民族聯(lián)盟對緬甸少數(shù)民族分離運(yùn)動的主導(dǎo)作用,以及國際因素對克倫族分離運(yùn)動興衰的影響。第一章論述了克倫民族分離運(yùn)動的歷史根源。緬族王朝時期,緬族統(tǒng)治者對緬甸主要的民族孟族、撣族和克倫族實行差異性政策,使克倫族和緬族日漸疏離。第二章剖析了英殖民時期克倫民族分離運(yùn)動的萌芽。緬族王朝時期,受盡壓迫的克倫族渴望擺脫緬族統(tǒng)治,在英國軍隊入侵緬甸時全力相助,并參與鎮(zhèn)壓緬甸各族的反英起義,逐漸走上與緬族分離的道路。第三章通過日據(jù)時期英國、日本、緬甸獨(dú)立軍和克倫族反叛武裝四種力量之間的博弈解析緬克沖突的深化。緬甸獨(dú)立軍在日軍慫恿下對伊洛瓦底三角洲、薩爾溫江地區(qū)的克倫族進(jìn)行報復(fù),為建國初期克倫族分離運(yùn)動的興起埋下伏筆。第四章敘述了緬甸獨(dú)立之初,克倫民族聯(lián)盟助推內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)。1945年英國重占緬甸,克倫族與緬族的歷史積怨在英殖民時期的深化和日據(jù)時期的激化,使他們對重回緬族統(tǒng)治懷有深刻的恐懼,決意建立英聯(lián)邦內(nèi)獨(dú)立的克倫國,由于英國的忽視、緬甸政府的輕視和克倫反政府組織的堅持最終引發(fā)大規(guī)模內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。第五章闡述了 1949年克倫民族聯(lián)盟與緬甸政府武力對抗失利之后的分裂重組。戰(zhàn)爭失敗后,克倫民族聯(lián)盟進(jìn)行了兩次重大政治改革。第一次是受緬共影響成立克倫民族聯(lián)合黨,積極與各反政府武裝結(jié)成反政府聯(lián)盟。第二次是克倫民族聯(lián)盟原總司令波妙解散克倫民族聯(lián)合黨,實施克倫民族聯(lián)盟的去馬列主義化,實行親西方路線,充當(dāng)泰國政府的邊境反共武裝部隊,得到泰國政府的暗中支持。這段時期內(nèi)克倫民族聯(lián)盟內(nèi)部發(fā)生了兩次重大分裂,第一次是以蘇漢特達(dá)美為首的高都麗革命委員會投向奈溫政府的懷抱。第二次是波妙與克倫民族聯(lián)合黨左派曼巴贊進(jìn)行分裂斗爭,最終波妙奪取領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)。這一時期,屬于其與政府對抗歷程中的高潮時期。第六章論述了克倫民族分離運(yùn)動的轉(zhuǎn)向。20世紀(jì)60年代末期政府軍發(fā)起"四切"運(yùn)動,使克倫民族聯(lián)盟失去基地、資金、情報和士兵來源。處于頹勢的克倫民族聯(lián)盟又面臨四分五裂的局面,于是決定將與政府暴力對抗轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極尋求與政府進(jìn)行政治和談。克倫民族聯(lián)盟內(nèi)部的非武裝成員通過各種途徑,利用國家賦予的政治空間保護(hù)本民族的歷史傳統(tǒng)文化,最大限度地爭取本民族的利益,創(chuàng)建自治空間,力促克倫民族聯(lián)盟與政府進(jìn)行政治和談,雙方最終于2012年簽訂了�；饏f(xié)議。2015年10月,包括克倫民族聯(lián)盟的8支民族武裝與政府簽訂全國�；饏f(xié)議。第七章分析了克倫民族分離運(yùn)動的特征、影響和緬甸的未來發(fā)展�？藗惷褡宸蛛x運(yùn)動不同時期的訴求存在差異,其訴求的變化與緬甸社會發(fā)展和克倫民族自身的實力息息相關(guān)。60多年以來,克倫民族聯(lián)盟一直充當(dāng)少數(shù)民族分離運(yùn)動的主導(dǎo)力量,克倫民族分離運(yùn)動在國際因素的影響下起起落落。克倫民族分離運(yùn)動為主的長期內(nèi)戰(zhàn)對緬甸社會局勢造成負(fù)面影響。21世紀(jì)彬龍會議給緬甸民族和解與發(fā)展帶來希望。但新一代政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人只有努力克服1947年彬龍協(xié)議之弊端,凝聚各民族精英的智慧和力量,方能順利推進(jìn)緬甸和平進(jìn)程,早日實現(xiàn)民族和解的美好愿望。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the independence of Burma, Burma, Karen National Union initiated with the power of the government of Burma into the war, since then, more than 60 years of civil war. This paper attempts to comb through the Burma Karen national separatist movement, development and steering process, revealing the Karen National Union on the leading role of Burma ethnic separatist movement, and the influence of international factors the Karen separation of rise and decline. The first chapter discusses the historical roots of the Karen national separatist movement. The Burmese Dynasty, the Burmese rulers of Burma's main ethnic Mon, Shan and Karen the difference of policy, the Karen and Burmese increasingly alienated. The second chapter analyzes the British colonial period Karen the separation movement bud. The Burmese Dynasty, the oppression of the Karen people eager to get rid of the Burmese regime, in the British army invaded Burma to help out, and participate in the anti repression of all ethnic groups in Burma The British uprising, and gradually embarked on the Burmese separation road. The third chapter through the period of Japanese occupation of Britain, Japan, deepen the game analysis Mianke conflict between Burma Independence Army and Karen rebels of the four forces. Burma Independence Army of the Irrawaddy Delta at the instigation, Thrall in Wenjiang Karen revenge for the initial rise, the separation of Karen foreshadowed. The fourth chapter describes the Burma independence, the Karen National Union to boost the outbreak of the civil war.1945 British recapture Burma, Karen and Burmese historical grievances in the British colonial period and the deepening of the Japanese occupation period intensified, so that they have a profound fear to return to the Burmese regime, determined to build the Commonwealth of Independent States Karen, because the British government ignored Burma's contempt and Karen rebels to eventually lead to a large-scale civil war. The fifth chapter expounds the 19 After the Karen National Union for 49 years with the Burma government to force against the defeat of the war. After the failure of mitotic recombination, the Karen National Union of two major political reform. The first is by the Burma effect of the establishment of the Karen National Union Party, formed a positive anti government alliance and each rebels. The second is a former commander in chief of the Karen National Union the dissolution of the Karen National Union party great wave, the implementation to Marxism Leninism KNU, pro western route, as the government of Thailand border anti Communist armed forces, implicitly backed by the Thailand government. There were two major split within this period the Karen National Union, the first is to sue the United States led Chinese thatta high deckout Revolutionary Committee on the arms of government Ne Win. The second is a wonderful wave and the Karen National Union party left like split Mamba struggle, the final wave of wonderful to win hegemony during this period, Belong to the climax period of confrontation with the government in the process. The sixth chapter discusses the Karen National separation movement to.20 century at the end of the 60s government forces launched the "four" movement, the KNU lost base, capital, and information sources. The soldiers in the decline of the Karen National Union and faced a split situation, and then decided to the government to actively seek violence against political peace talks with the government. Within the Karen National Union of non armed members through a variety of ways, the political space given by the state to protect the nation's traditional literary history, strive to maximize the national interests, to create autonomous space, urged the Karen National Union for political talks with the government, the two sides finally in 2012 signed a cease-fire agreement with.2015 in October, including the Karen National Union of 8 ethnic armed ceasefire with the government signed the seventh meeting. The chapter analyzes the characteristics of the Karen national separatist movement, affecting the future development of Burma and the Karen national aspirations. Separation movement in different periods are different, since the change of demand and the social development of Burma and the Karen national strength is closely related to its.60 for many years, the Karen National Union has been a dominant force in ethnic separatist movement, the Karen National separation the movement in the ups and downs of international factors. The long civil war Karen national separatist movement mainly cause negative effect to the.21 century Panglong Conference for national reconciliation in Burma and the development of social situation in Burma to bring hope. But a new generation of leaders only to overcome the 1947 Panglong agreement the drawbacks of all ethnic elite wisdom and strength. In order to successfully promote the peace process in Burma, wish an early realization of national reconciliation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C95

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