本文關(guān)鍵詞：藏地人類學(xué)紀(jì)錄片研究　出處：《西南民族大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：文化景觀理論體現(xiàn)了對(duì)地域文化的多樣性和地理景觀象征意義的探索和發(fā)掘。地理景觀作為一種文化產(chǎn)物和綜合景象，反映了社會(huì)信仰體系和當(dāng)?shù)匚幕倪\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程。影像景觀是地理景觀和人文景觀的映照和呈現(xiàn)，其本身也可以理解為是屏幕塑造的一種景觀。和地理景觀一樣，影像景觀隨著時(shí)代的變遷而被賦予了不同的解釋。人類學(xué)紀(jì)錄片是通過(guò)參與觀察對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活進(jìn)行客觀地“深描”和理性記錄，在真實(shí)美學(xué)原則的導(dǎo)引下，多面向地展示和呈現(xiàn)影像表現(xiàn)主體及其內(nèi)在涵義的一種記錄文本。藏地人類學(xué)紀(jì)錄片可分為文化類、社會(huì)類、自然類和宗教類四種。 本文依據(jù)筆者對(duì)藏區(qū)跨地域人文地理景觀的田野調(diào)查，結(jié)合對(duì)藏地人類學(xué)紀(jì)錄片百年發(fā)展史的梳理，將之放置在社會(huì)變遷和景觀空間演變的視野下進(jìn)行觀照。并通過(guò)對(duì)游牧生活、茶馬古道、神山圣湖等環(huán)境空間和社會(huì)生活的描述，勾勒出雪域藏族獨(dú)特而富有豐富內(nèi)涵的景觀輪廓，以及他們的觀念信仰和民族特征等。 透視藏地紀(jì)錄片各個(gè)不同時(shí)期的發(fā)展軌跡，我們可以看到整個(gè)藏族社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等各方面的變遷，以及這種變遷所引致的藏人自我意識(shí)和心理的嬗變。文化復(fù)興后的藏傳寺院依然隨著季節(jié)的輪轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)行著恒久的儀式，“吃糌粑的人”面對(duì)流轉(zhuǎn)的歲月又是如何保持著他們珍視的傳統(tǒng)和信仰。藏地人類學(xué)影像從不同的視角呈現(xiàn)了藏區(qū)社會(huì)變遷中的文化形態(tài)和人物命運(yùn)。文化多樣性是各族群和社會(huì)借以表現(xiàn)其文化的多種不同的形式，多元文化建構(gòu)的影像元素使得西藏文化多樣性的地域特質(zhì)通過(guò)文化演示的方式得以多維呈現(xiàn)和傳播，轉(zhuǎn)型期的藏地民族志紀(jì)錄片承載了與以往不同的文化內(nèi)涵和精神價(jià)值。藏地影像民族志在呈現(xiàn)藏族社會(huì)生活事象和多元文化的同時(shí)，也為往昔的歷史留下了一份可供拷貝和再度分析的影像文化典籍。 論文從喜馬拉雅文化保護(hù)的角度，闡述了現(xiàn)代影像技術(shù)在保存人類文明記憶和記錄正在消失的文化等方面所具有的不可替代的角色和重要性。數(shù)碼影像技術(shù)的當(dāng)代發(fā)展為遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和文化傳承提供了一個(gè)嶄新的傳播平臺(tái)，民族志影像化傳播對(duì)記錄和延續(xù)史詩(shī)“格薩爾”口傳文化等非物質(zhì)文化的精神價(jià)值具有重要意義，對(duì)茶馬古道、唐蕃古道等文化線路的展示也為我們留存了消逝中的民族文化和族群記憶。弗拉哈迪、讓·魯什等紀(jì)錄片大師為“紀(jì)錄田野”樹立了“分享人類學(xué)”的典范，除了時(shí)間要素之外，記錄的過(guò)程也是一個(gè)“修繕自我”的過(guò)程，它要求創(chuàng)作者以多元文化主義的視角來(lái)看待異文化模式，才能真正了解、進(jìn)入拍攝對(duì)象的內(nèi)心世界。 針對(duì)“民族志的缺失造成了社會(huì)科學(xué)知識(shí)生產(chǎn)的許多缺陷”這一實(shí)際情形，與國(guó)內(nèi)人類學(xué)界提出的“用中文重新寫文化”相呼應(yīng)，本文在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了“用影像重新寫文化”的觀點(diǎn)。最后，本文在人類學(xué)視野和文化景觀理論的支撐下，，對(duì)藏族人類學(xué)紀(jì)錄片的影像景觀進(jìn)行了概括和總結(jié)。影像景觀的形塑既有大傳統(tǒng)話語(yǔ)體系的意識(shí)形態(tài)鍛造的作用，也是民間社會(huì)小傳統(tǒng)力量互動(dòng)營(yíng)造的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The cultural landscape theory reflects the exploration and discovery of the region's cultural diversity and geographical landscape symbols. Geographical landscape as a cultural product and comprehensive picture, reflects the process of social belief system and local culture operation. The image landscape is the geographical landscape and cultural landscape map and presents itself, can also be understood as a landscape screen shaped. As well as geographical landscape, landscape image changes with the times and different explanations have been given. Anthropology documentary is through participation in the observation of real life objectively "deep description and record, in the guidance of true aesthetics principles, a multifaceted display and text record showing the performance of the main and inner meaning. Tibetan anthropology documentary can be divided into cultural, social, natural and religious class four.
According to the field investigation of Tibetan cross regional human geography landscape, the combination of Tibetan anthropology documentary hundred years of development history, from the place in the evolution of social change and landscape view. And through the nomadic life, tea horse road, Koyama lake and other environmental space and social life, outline the snowy Tibetan unique and rich landscape outline rich connotation, as well as their belief and ethnic characteristics.
Study on the development of Tibet documentary in different period trajectory, we can see the whole Tibetan social politics, economy, culture and so on various aspects of change, and the change caused by the change of the Tibetan self consciousness and psychological. Cultural renaissance after the Tibetan temple is still with the season of rotary permanent ceremony, "eat Zanba" facing the circulation of time is how to maintain their cherished traditions and beliefs. Tibetan culture and anthropology image shows the fate of the characters of Tibetan society in transition from a different perspective. Cultural diversity is various ethnic and social culture in order to show the different forms of cultural construction makes multiple image elements Tibet cultural diversity regional characteristics through cultural approach to multidimensional presentation and dissemination, transformation of the Tibetan ethnographic documentary bearing a different The cultural connotation and spiritual value of Tibetan image ethnography in presenting Tibetan social life and multiculturalism also left an image and cultural book for copying and re analyzing the past history.
From the protection of Himalaya cultural angle, elaborated the role and irreplaceable importance of culture and other aspects of modern imaging techniques are disappearing in the preservation of human civilization and memory records. The contemporary development of digital imaging technology provides a new platform for the dissemination of heritage protection and cultural heritage, has important significance to image ethnography the continuation of the epic "Gelsall" communication of oral culture and other non-material cultural spirit and value for the record, the tea horse road, cultural route Tangfangudao the show for us retained the vanishing of national culture and ethnic memory. Jean Rush Flaherty, documentary master "record field" to "share anthropology" a model, in addition to the time factor, the record is also a process of "self repair" process, it requires the creators to Multiculturalism In view of the different cultural patterns, we can truly understand and enter the inner world of the photographed object.
According to the "lack of ethnography caused this situation many defects of social science knowledge production, and puts forward the domestic anthropology" with Chinese re writing culture "echoes, this paper puts forward the" image re writing culture point of view. Finally, this paper in the field of Anthropology and cultural landscape theory under the support of the Tibetan landscape images in anthropological documentaries are summarized. Shape the image landscape both traditional ideology of forging discourse of the role of civil society is the interaction of traditional small forces create results.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：C912.4;C95

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