本文選題：養(yǎng)老機構 + 老年人��； 參考：《新疆醫(yī)科大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:1)了解烏魯木齊市養(yǎng)老機構內老年人跌倒特征、相關因素。2)針對烏魯木齊市養(yǎng)老機構老年人開展和實施恰當的預防跌倒的措施并評價其效果。3)針對烏魯木齊市養(yǎng)老機構護理(照護)人員進行預防老年人跌倒的技能培訓并評價其效果。方法:1)第一部分為橫斷面調查研究,從烏魯木齊市登記在冊的養(yǎng)老機構中隨機抽取8家養(yǎng)老機構(4家公辦,4家民辦),分層隨機整群抽取符合納入、排除標準的老年人和在職護理(照護)人員作為研究對象,了解烏魯木齊市養(yǎng)老機構內老年人跌倒的特征及相關因素。2)第二部分為隨機對照試驗性研究,將養(yǎng)老機構分為大型和中、小型兩種規(guī)模,采用隨機數字表法,將不同規(guī)模的養(yǎng)老機構隨機等分為干預組和對照組。兩組分別從大型和中、小型養(yǎng)老機構中隨機抽取符合納入標準的老年人及在職護理(照護)人員。干預組采用綜合護理干預措施,對照組采用大眾集體健康教育。不同方法干預后,對兩組老年人的跌倒發(fā)生率、防跌倒認知水平、行為進行效果評價及對護理(照護)人員預防老年人跌倒知識、態(tài)度、行為進行評價。結果:1)496例老年人中有232例老年人發(fā)生339次跌倒,跌倒發(fā)生率為46.8%;男女跌倒發(fā)生率分別為35.8%和64.2%,女性跌倒發(fā)生率高于男性,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05);跌倒發(fā)生率與年齡的增長成正比(P0.01);Logistic回歸分析顯示,視力、慢性病的長期服藥、動態(tài)、家具是否固定、浴室是否有固定扶手是老年人跌倒的危險因素,體育鍛煉是保護因素。2)不同護理干預后,兩組老年人跌倒發(fā)生率、防止跌倒的認知水平及行為比較,干預組顯著優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.01)。3)不同護理干預后,兩組護理(照護)人員對預防老年人跌倒知、信、行比較,干預組顯著優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.01)。結論:1)烏魯木齊市養(yǎng)老機構老年人跌倒發(fā)生率較高,跌倒發(fā)生與多種危險因素有關,應重視養(yǎng)老機構老年人跌倒的預防,制定有針對性的護理措施,減少跌倒的發(fā)生。2)綜合護理干預能夠有效地降低養(yǎng)老機構老年人跌倒發(fā)生率及提高老年人防跌倒認知情水平、促進老年人防止跌倒的行為改變。3)綜合護理培訓有效提高干預組護理(照護)人員對預防老年人跌倒知識、態(tài)度、行為的得分。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the fall characteristics of the elderly in Urumqi pension institutions. Related factors. 2) to carry out and implement appropriate measures to prevent fall and evaluate its effect for the elderly in Urumqi City. 3) to prevent the elderly from falling by nursing (care) staff in Urumqi. Skills training and evaluation of their effectiveness. Methods: the first part was a cross-sectional investigation. 8 pension institutions were randomly selected from the registered pension institutions in Urumqi, 4 public pension institutions and 4 private organizations were randomly selected, and stratified random cluster extraction was carried out in accordance with the inclusion. Exclusion of the standard elderly and in-service nursing (care) as the study object, to understand the elderly fall in Urumqi pension institutions and related factors. 2) the second part is a randomized controlled trial study. The pension institutions were divided into large, medium and small size, and were randomly divided into intervention group and control group by random digital table method. The two groups were randomly selected from large, medium and small pension institutions to meet the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive nursing intervention was used in the intervention group and mass collective health education was used in the control group. After intervention with different methods, the incidence of fall, cognitive level of prevention of fall, behavior and knowledge, attitude and behavior of nursing staff in the prevention of fall were evaluated. Results out of 496 cases, 232 cases had 339 falls, the incidence of falls was 46.8%, the incidence of falls was 35.8% in males and 64.2% in females, and the incidence of falls in females was higher than that in males. Logistic regression analysis showed that visual acuity, long-term medication of chronic diseases, dynamics, fixed furniture, fixed handrails in bathroom were the risk factors of fall in the elderly. Physical exercise was a protective factor. 2) after different nursing interventions, the incidence of falls, cognitive level and behavior of the two groups were significantly better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant after different nursing interventions. Compared with the two groups, the intervention group was significantly better than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.01). Conclusion: (1) the incidence of falls in the aged in Urumqi is high, and the fall is related to many risk factors. The prevention of falls in the elderly in the institutions should be paid more attention to, and the corresponding nursing measures should be taken. The comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of fall and improve the cognitive level of the elderly. 3) Comprehensive nursing training can effectively improve the scores of nursing staff's knowledge, attitude and behavior on the prevention of falls in the intervention group.
【學位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R47

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