本文關(guān)鍵詞：治療超聲的電子聚焦系統(tǒng)　出處：《深圳大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 腫瘤 高強度聚焦超聲 電子聚焦 激勵 聲場

【摘要】：近年,治療腫瘤的基本動向從傳統(tǒng)的放療和手術(shù)切除向盡量保護功能的微創(chuàng)或者無創(chuàng)手術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)變。高強度聚焦超聲具有無創(chuàng)和價格低廉等特點,是一種新型的腫瘤治療方式,因此開發(fā)出高性能的超聲治療系統(tǒng)對治療腫瘤具有重要的意義。高強度聚焦超聲(High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)利用壓電換能器產(chǎn)生超聲波,并聚集于一個很小的焦域,在體外就能對腫瘤細胞進行聚焦加熱,同時利用超聲波機械效應(yīng)、熱效應(yīng)、空化效應(yīng)等對腫瘤組織細胞的作用,最后使其失活,達到腫瘤消融的效果。臨床上,超聲治療已經(jīng)得到不同的應(yīng)用,比如:子宮肌瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、惡性骨腫瘤、軟組織肉瘤等。傳統(tǒng)超聲治療主要采用是固定的焦點,使用電機帶動實現(xiàn)區(qū)域治療,這種方式使得治療時間變長,不能達到最佳的治療效果。但是按照傳統(tǒng)電子聚焦陣列設(shè)計方案,要達到較好的聚焦和指向性能,治療探頭需要約1000(32X32)或以上的通道數(shù),令到系統(tǒng)成本成為發(fā)展治療陣列系統(tǒng)的瓶頸。本論文主要是開發(fā)一款以兼顧成本和性能為原則的超聲治療陣列系統(tǒng)。具體實現(xiàn)了128通道快速電子聚焦和多點聚焦的方式。該系統(tǒng)由探頭、發(fā)射系統(tǒng)和控制軟件部分構(gòu)成。硬件部分主要包括:探頭發(fā)射激勵部分,發(fā)射控制部分以及背板連接部分。其中主要設(shè)計到有探頭激勵信號產(chǎn)生模塊、激勵信號參數(shù)控制模塊、SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)緩存模塊、USB2.0數(shù)據(jù)傳輸模塊、高壓與溫度監(jiān)控模塊以及相應(yīng)的電源轉(zhuǎn)換模塊。上位機軟件部分調(diào)用發(fā)射波形文件來改變激勵頻率、脈沖個數(shù),同時可支持調(diào)節(jié)脈沖重復頻率和發(fā)射重復次數(shù)以及聚焦點來控制聲輻射力的大小。軟件界面中實時的顯示發(fā)射板溫度以及激勵高壓來監(jiān)控整個激勵過程,通過USB2.0對信號進行上位機傳輸。最后對系統(tǒng)進行了相應(yīng)的測試實驗。在發(fā)射模塊中,測試每一個通道是實際輸出波形,并測試了相應(yīng)的時延。利用OptiSon激光聲場對特定參數(shù)下聲場進行測試,結(jié)果顯示有一定的聚焦效果。利用RFB2000聲輻射力天平對聲功率進行測試,得到聲功率與脈沖個數(shù)、發(fā)射電壓峰峰值成正比的關(guān)系。最后利用水聽器測試,得出特定聚焦深度情況下的聲壓與聲強跟深度的關(guān)系,同時也通過控制時延讓焦點進行偏轉(zhuǎn)。該套治療超聲系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了對128通道陣元的激勵,實現(xiàn)電子聚焦以及多焦點的聚焦方式,同時支持通道擴展,支持外部觸發(fā)并且高度集成化。為超聲治療方向研究提供開放式的平臺,具有深遠的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the basic trend of tumor treatment from traditional radiotherapy and surgical resection to minimally invasive or non-invasive surgery as far as possible protection function. High intensity focused ultrasound has the characteristics of non-invasive and low-cost. It is a new type of tumor therapy. Therefore, the development of high performance ultrasound therapy system is of great significance in the treatment of tumor. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is high intensity Focused Ultrasound. HIFU) uses piezoelectric transducers to produce ultrasonic waves and gather in a small focal region, which can focus on tumor cells in vitro, and at the same time use ultrasonic mechanical effect, thermal effect. The effect of cavitation on tumor tissue cells, finally inactivation, to achieve the effect of tumor ablation. Clinically, ultrasound treatment has been different applications, such as: uterine leiomyoma, liver cancer, breast cancer. Malignant bone tumors, soft tissue sarcoma and so on. Traditional ultrasound treatment is the focus of fixation, the use of motor drive to achieve regional treatment, this way makes the treatment time longer. However, according to the traditional electronic focusing array design, to achieve better focusing and pointing performance, the therapeutic probe needs about 1000V 32x32) or more channels. The system cost has become the bottleneck of the development of therapeutic array system. In this paper, a ultrasonic therapy array system based on both cost and performance is developed. The 128 channel fast electronic focusing and multi-points are realized. The system consists of a probe. The hardware part mainly includes: probe transmitting excitation part, transmitting control part and backplane connecting part. Among them, the module is mainly designed to generate probe excitation signal. Excitation signal parameter control module SDRAM data buffer module USB2.0 data transmission module. The module of high voltage and temperature monitoring and the corresponding power conversion module. The software part of the host computer calls the waveform file to change the excitation frequency and the number of pulses. At the same time, it can control the acoustic radiation force by adjusting the pulse repetition frequency and the number of repeats and focus. The software interface can monitor the whole excitation process by displaying the emitter temperature and exciting high voltage in real time. The signal is transmitted by the upper computer through USB2.0. Finally, the system is tested. In the transmitting module, each channel is the actual output waveform. The corresponding time delay is measured and the acoustic field under certain parameters is measured by using OptiSon laser acoustic field. The results show that it has a certain focusing effect. The acoustic power and the number of pulses are obtained by measuring the sound power by using the RFB2000 acoustic radiation force balance. The peak value of emission voltage is proportional to the peak value. Finally, the relationship between sound pressure and sound intensity and depth is obtained by hydrophone test. At the same time, the focus is deflected by controlling the time delay. The ultrasonic therapy system realizes the excitation of 128 channel elements, electronic focusing and multi-focus focusing, and supports channel expansion. It supports external trigger and is highly integrated. It provides an open platform for ultrasonic therapy research and has a broad application prospect.
【學位授予單位】：深圳大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R454.3

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