發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-12 18:46

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境和生物樣品的檢測(cè)及健康評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 納米纖維 固相萃取 金屬元素 空氣顆粒物 真空污染物

【摘要】：樣品采集和前處理是整個(gè)分析過程的核心和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),特別是濃度較低的環(huán)境樣品和基質(zhì)復(fù)雜的生物樣品,采集和前處理更加困難。因此,研制和開發(fā)適用于這類樣品的采集和前處理器件并建立相關(guān)分析方法,意義重大�？諝忸w粒物污染,因其對(duì)人體器官損傷的嚴(yán)重性,成為近幾年社會(huì)廣泛關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),金屬元素雖然在顆粒物中濃度很低,但是對(duì)人體具有極大的傷害。目前常用的顆粒物采樣膜價(jià)格昂貴或采樣效率低下。與此類似,真空環(huán)境的空氣污染物采集主要是以降塵法捕集,耗時(shí)長(zhǎng),并且采集的污染物由于濃度太低,難以達(dá)到檢測(cè)要求。此外,對(duì)于生物樣品,由于其基質(zhì)的復(fù)雜性,樣品含有某些膠質(zhì)或者大分子有機(jī)物時(shí),前處理比較困難,當(dāng)樣品量過大時(shí),往往會(huì)堵塞前處理裝置。針對(duì)現(xiàn)狀,本文利用靜電紡絲技術(shù)制備了不同組分的納米纖維材料,研制了相應(yīng)的樣品采集和處理器件,開展了其多種應(yīng)用研究,包括：1)空氣顆粒物的捕集、前處理和分析；2)真空環(huán)境金屬元素污染物采樣及分析；3)基質(zhì)復(fù)雜的生物樣品前處理和分析；4)選取兒童人群,利用建立的技術(shù)方法開展孤獨(dú)癥、肥胖癥以及正常兒童無創(chuàng)生物樣品(尿液、指甲)的分析,檢測(cè)其元素水平,探索孤獨(dú)癥和肥胖癥可能的發(fā)病機(jī)制,建立正常兒童體質(zhì)健康評(píng)價(jià)的新方法。研究結(jié)果表明：由于納米纖維的獨(dú)特形貌和性能,使其對(duì)樣品的富集效率大大提高,制備的納米纖維采樣和前處理器件很好地解決了環(huán)境和生物樣品分析前處理困難的問題,可進(jìn)一步提高檢測(cè)的方法學(xué)指標(biāo),為高效的環(huán)境和生物樣品分析提供新思路、新技術(shù)。
[Abstract]:Sample collection and pretreatment are the core and key links of the whole analysis process, especially the environmental samples with low concentration and biological samples with complex matrix, so it is more difficult to collect and pre-process. It is of great significance to study and develop devices suitable for sampling and pre-processing of such samples and to establish relevant analytical methods. Air particulate pollution is of great importance because of the severity of organ damage to human body. In recent years, the concentration of metal elements in particulate matter is very low. However, it has great harm to human body. At present, the commonly used particulate matter sampling membrane is expensive or inefficient. Similarly, the collection of air pollutants in vacuum environment is mainly collected by dustfall method, which takes a long time. And because the concentration of pollutants collected is too low to meet the requirements of detection. In addition, for biological samples, because of the complexity of the matrix, the sample contains some colloid or macromolecular organic matter, the pretreatment is more difficult. When the sample quantity is too large, the preprocessing device will be blocked. In view of the present situation, different components of nano-fiber materials were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, and the corresponding sample acquisition and processing devices were developed. Several application studies have been carried out, including the capture, pretreatment and analysis of air particulates. 2) sampling and analysis of metal element pollutants in vacuum environment; 3) pretreatment and analysis of biological samples with complex matrix; 4) Children were selected, and the analysis of noninvasive biological samples (urine, fingernails) of autism, obesity and normal children was carried out by using the established technique, and their elemental levels were detected. To explore the possible pathogenesis of autism and obesity and to establish a new method for evaluating the physical health of normal children. The results show that due to the unique morphology and properties of nanofibers. The preparation of nanofiber sampling and pretreatment devices can solve the problem of environmental and biological sample analysis and pretreatment, which can further improve the detection methodology. To provide new ideas and techniques for efficient environmental and biological sample analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X831;R446.1

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