發(fā)布時間：2018-01-04 23:16

  本文關鍵詞：基于獨立成分分析的面孔識別異族效應神經機制的研究　出處：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 異族效應 近紅外腦功能成像 獨立成分分析 時間序列串聯 神經機制

【摘要】：異族效應(Other-race effect,ORE)是一種面孔識別偏差現象,具體表現為識別本族面孔的要比識別外族面孔容易得多。異族效應形成機制的研究已經成為了認知神經科學等領域的研究熱點之一。隨著功能神經影像技術的迅速發(fā)展,利用功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)和腦電圖(electroencephalographic,EEG)對異族效應的神經機制進行研究已經成為現實。已有研究表明本族面孔顯著地激活了右側梭狀回人臉區(qū)(fusiform face area,FFA),同時,與本族面孔相比,外族人臉在杏仁核上的激活強度更大。隨著對異族效應神經機制研究的深入,有學者發(fā)現成年人在識別本族和外族面孔時,在與面孔加工有關的皮層區(qū)域之間形成的有效網絡存在顯著差異。獨立成分分析(independent components analysis,ICA)作為一種數據驅動方法,在近幾年的功能神經影像學研究中占有越來越重要的地位。為了揭示人們識別不同種族面孔時大腦激活模式的差異,本文利用ICA數據處理方法和fNIRS成像技術,對異族效應的神經機制進行研究,具體研究過程如下:第一,采用fNIRS成像技術采集95名受試者的fNIRS數據,并對采集到的原始空間數據和光學數據進行預處理,得到配準后的空間數據和氧合血紅蛋白濃度變化數據,為后續(xù)數據處理做準備。第二,對含氧血紅蛋白濃度變化數據進行組ICA,并根據數據特點和實驗設計研究出時間串聯算法,從而實現在相同條件下分析不同種族面孔引起的大腦神經機制的差異。第三,對得到的本族面孔刺激對應的獨立成分和外族面孔刺激對應的獨立成分分別與本實驗理想的血液動力學響應做相關分析,得到兩組相關系數;然后對這兩組相關系數做差異性分析,判斷該成分是否有顯著差異。得到顯著差異的成分后,找到其對應的腦區(qū)分布及空間坐標。最后,總結本文研究發(fā)現:外族面孔刺激激活程度顯著大于本族面孔刺激激活程度的腦區(qū)有:中央后回、距狀裂周圍皮層、眶內額上回、楔葉、枕上回。外族面孔刺激激活程度顯著小于本族面孔刺激激活程度的腦區(qū)有:背外側額上回、三角部額下回。本研究提出了 fNIRS數據的組ICA分析算法,通過對近紅外腦功能數據的處理,揭示了異族效應的大腦激活模式,為以后的相關研究奠定了基礎。本研究得到的結果與前人使用fMRI、EEG等方法得到的結果具有一致性。另外,本研究通過面孔識別的時空處理模式揭示了種族間差異。本研究不僅能幫助人們理解面孔加工對大腦視覺皮層功能組織的影響,也能為改善機器學習人臉識別算法提供仿生學依據。
[Abstract]:Heterosexual effect is a phenomenon of face recognition bias. It is much easier to recognize the faces of the native people than to recognize the faces of the foreigners. The study of the formation mechanism of the alien effect has become one of the hotspots in the field of cognitive neuroscience and so on. With the development of the functional neural imaging technology, it has become a hot topic in the field of cognitive neuroscience. Rapid development. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used. FMRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG). The study of the neural mechanism of alien effect has become a reality. It has been shown that the facial region of the right fusiform face area is significantly activated by our faces. FFAA, at the same time, compared with the native faces, the Alien faces in the amygdala activation intensity is greater. With the in-depth study of the heterogeneous effect neural mechanism, some scholars have found that adults recognize their own and foreign faces. There were significant differences in the effective networks formed between the cortical regions associated with face processing. Independent component Analysis (ICA) was independent components analysis. ICA), as a data-driven method, plays an increasingly important role in the study of functional neuroimaging in recent years. In order to reveal the differences in brain activation patterns in recognition of different racial faces. In this paper, we use ICA data processing method and fNIRS imaging technology to study the neural mechanism of alien effect. The specific research process is as follows: first. The fNIRS data of 95 subjects were collected by fNIRS imaging technology, and the raw spatial data and optical data were preprocessed. The spatial data and oxygen hemoglobin concentration change data after registration were obtained to prepare for the subsequent data processing. Secondly, the changes of oxygen hemoglobin concentration data were carried out group ICA. And according to the characteristics of the data and experimental design to develop a time-series algorithm, so that under the same conditions to analyze the different ethnic faces caused by the difference of the neural mechanism. Third. The correlation analysis was made between the corresponding independent components of face stimulation and the ideal hemodynamic response of this experiment, and the correlation coefficients between the two groups were obtained. Then the difference between the two groups of correlation coefficients is analyzed to determine whether there is a significant difference between the two groups. After obtaining the significantly different components, the corresponding brain area distribution and spatial coordinates are found. Finally. Summing up the results of this study, we found that the activation degree of facial stimuli in foreign faces was significantly greater than that in their own faces: posterior central gyrus, paracral cortex, superior orbital frontal gyrus and cuneiform lobe. Supraoccipital gyrus. The brain regions with lower activation degree of foreign faces than their faces were dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. In this study, we proposed a group ICA analysis algorithm for fNIRS data. By processing the near infrared brain function data, we revealed the brain activation mode of alien effect. The results obtained in this study are consistent with those obtained by previous methods such as fMRI EEG. This study reveals inter-ethnic differences through the spatio-temporal processing of face recognition. This study not only helps people understand the effects of face processing on the functional organization of the visual cortex of the brain. It can also provide bionic basis for improving the face recognition algorithm of machine learning.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41;R445.2

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本文編號：1380535