【摘要】：本文是在洪澤湖歷史資料的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對洪澤湖浮游生物、底棲動物、水生植物和魚類等資源現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,根據(jù)相關(guān)資料分析了洪澤湖漁業(yè)資源及管理上存在的問題,并提出解決問題的對策和建議。洪澤湖是中國第四大淡水湖泊,江蘇省第二大湖,是我國五大淡水湖泊中最年輕的一個。它位于淮河中游、江蘇省西北部;跨洪澤、泗陽、泗洪、盱眙、淮陰和宿城六縣(區(qū))。介于東經(jīng)118°10'-118°52',北緯33°06'—33°40'之間,它西納淮河、南注長江、東通黃海、北連沂沭,是"南水北調(diào)"東線工程的過水通道,對流域防洪削峰、水資源余缺調(diào)節(jié)、水產(chǎn)捕撈養(yǎng)殖和致富湖區(qū)漁(農(nóng))民起著十分重要的作用。洪澤湖生物資源量大,浮游植物、浮游動物以及底棲動物,作為水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要環(huán)節(jié),既是洪澤湖魚類的生物餌料資源,又是水域營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)的重要指標(biāo),受到許多科學(xué)工作者的重視。根據(jù)資源調(diào)查結(jié)果,參照國內(nèi)外湖泊生物生產(chǎn)力的統(tǒng)算方法及食物網(wǎng)關(guān)系,推算出本年度洪澤湖的漁產(chǎn)潛力為:浮游植物食性漁產(chǎn)潛力約7543噸,浮游動物食性漁產(chǎn)潛力約9678噸,底棲食性漁產(chǎn)潛力約8122噸。但由于過度捕撈、環(huán)境污染、非法采砂等因素的影響,導(dǎo)致洪澤湖漁業(yè)環(huán)境水質(zhì)狀況每況愈下,富營養(yǎng)化程度逐漸加劇、生物資源總量下降,品種結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變、魚類群落生物多樣性降低和魚類資源小型化、低齡化。對現(xiàn)有漁業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)等嚴(yán)格控制,壓縮養(yǎng)殖面積,控制捕撈產(chǎn)量,改良水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖方式,監(jiān)控養(yǎng)殖用水排放,補充增加必要的人工治理措施,幫助湖泊實現(xiàn)生態(tài)的自我修復(fù),加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)調(diào)查、監(jiān)測、評價能力建設(shè)。本文對洪澤湖漁業(yè)資源管理提出以下建議:一是科學(xué)編制并貫徹實施養(yǎng)殖規(guī)劃,促進(jìn)湖泊漁業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展;二是適當(dāng)降低湖泊漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)總量;三是保護(hù)漁業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境,開展治理修復(fù);四是科學(xué)選擇增殖放流對象,修復(fù)漁業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境;五是打擊非法采砂。洪澤湖作為淮宿兩市的母親湖,是淮宿兩市一千多萬人口生存和發(fā)展的生命湖,要在環(huán)保優(yōu)先的前提下重新審視漁業(yè)目標(biāo)和思路,促進(jìn)洪澤湖人、漁、魚、水和生態(tài)環(huán)境和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical data of Hongze Lake, the present situation of plankton, benthos, aquatic plants and fish resources in Hongze Lake is investigated, and the problems in fishery resources and management of Hongze Lake are analyzed. The countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem are put forward. Hongze Lake, the fourth largest freshwater lake in China and the second largest lake in Jiangsu Province, is the youngest of the five freshwater lakes in China. It is located in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, northwest Jiangsu Province; cross Hongze, Siyang, Sihong, Xuyi, Huaiyin and Cecheng six counties (districts). Between longitude 118 擄10- 118 擄52 'east and latitude 33 擄060-33 擄40'north, it is located in the Xinahuai River, the Yangtze River in the south, Huang Hai in the east, and Lianshu in the north. It is the crossing channel of the Eastern Route of "South-to-North Water transfer", which regulates the flood control and peak control of the basin and the remaining and lacking water resources. Aquaculture and rich lake area fishing (agriculture) people play a very important role. As an important link of aquatic ecosystem, Hongze Lake is not only a biological feed resource for fish, but also an important indicator of the nutrient status of the water area, because of its large amount of biological resources, phytoplankton, zoobenthos and zooplankton. Be valued by many scientists. According to the results of resource survey, the potential of phytoplankton and zooplankton carnivorous fishery was estimated to be about 7543 tons and 9678 tons respectively, according to the methods of calculation and food net relationship of lake biological productivity at home and abroad, and the potential of fishery production of Hongze Lake in the current year was estimated as follows: the potential of phytoplankton carnivorous fishery was about 7543 tons. The potential of benthic fodder fishery is about 8122 tons. However, due to the influence of overfishing, environmental pollution, illegal sand mining and other factors, the environmental water quality of Hongze Lake fishery is deteriorating, the eutrophication level is gradually increasing, the total amount of biological resources is decreasing, and the variety structure has changed. Fish community biodiversity decreased and fish resources miniaturized, younger age. To strictly control the scale and structure of the existing fishery industry, reduce the area of aquaculture, control fishing output, improve the way of aquaculture, monitor and control the discharge of aquaculture water, and supplement and increase the necessary artificial control measures, To help lakes achieve ecological self-restoration, strengthen the basic investigation, monitoring and evaluation of ecological protection related areas of capacity building. This paper puts forward the following suggestions for the management of fishery resources in Hongze Lake: first, scientifically compiling and carrying out the breeding plan to promote the sustainable development of lake fishery; The third is to protect the fishery ecological environment and to carry out remediation; the fourth is to scientifically select the proliferating and releasing objects to repair the fishery ecological environment; and the fifth is to crack down on illegal sand mining. Hongze Lake, as the mother lake of Huai Su City, is the life lake for the survival and development of more than 10 million people in Huai Su City. It is necessary to re-examine the fishery objectives and ideas under the premise of giving priority to environmental protection, so as to promote Hongze Lake people, fish, and fish. Water and ecological environment develop harmoniously.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S931;F326.4

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