【摘要】：2008、2010-2013年在金沙江下游水富/宜賓斷面進(jìn)行了魚類早期資源調(diào)查,研究金沙江一期工程對長江上游珍稀特有魚類國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)圓口銅魚早期資源補(bǔ)充的影響。共采獲圓口銅魚卵苗6 190粒(尾),其中魚卵74粒、魚苗6 116尾;2013年向家壩水電站蓄水后在水富/宜賓斷面未采集到圓口銅魚卵、苗。各年圓口銅魚卵苗江汛期和最大日徑流量分別為:2008年6月12日-7月2日、3.79×107粒(尾),2010年6月22日-7月10日、3.47×107粒(尾);2011年6月23日-7月4日、9.58×107粒(尾);2012年6月24日-7月13日、1.22×107粒(尾)。圓口銅魚卵苗江汛與金沙江下游的水文流量持續(xù)增長相關(guān),卵苗日徑流量高峰值與洪峰過程較一致,最大日徑流量基本先于最大水文流量前出現(xiàn)。圓口銅魚繁殖盛期在6月中旬-7月上旬較短時間內(nèi)(2~3周)。2008年向家壩水電站截流前長江上游珍稀特有魚類國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)的圓口銅魚早期資源補(bǔ)充量為2.12億粒(尾);2010-2012年導(dǎo)流施工期間早期資源補(bǔ)充量分別為1.65億、1.61億、0.82億粒(尾),呈下降趨勢;2013年無早期資源補(bǔ)充。溪洛渡、向家壩2個梯級大壩一定程度上阻隔了圓口銅魚卵苗向下游漂流的途徑。要合理制定水電梯級調(diào)度方案,促進(jìn)或引起圓口銅魚自然繁殖過程,并降低圓口銅魚卵苗在庫區(qū)的死亡率;加強(qiáng)圓口銅魚現(xiàn)有棲息地保護(hù),嚴(yán)格控制或禁止在產(chǎn)卵場捕撈親魚;開展圓口銅魚在梯級大壩上下游間群體交流連通性的可能性研究和圓口銅魚全人工繁殖技術(shù)研究。
[Abstract]:An early fish resource survey was carried out in the Shuifu / Yibin section of the lower reaches of Jinsha River from 2008 to 2013 to study the effect of the first phase of the Jinsha River project on the early replenishment of copper fish in Yuankou National Nature Reserve of rare and endemic Fish in the Upper reaches of the Yangtze River. A total of 6,190 cupreous eggs (tails) were harvested, of which 74 were fish eggs and 6,116 were fish fry, and no round copper eggs were collected at the Shuifu / Yibin section of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station in 2013. The flood season and maximum daily runoff of copper eggs in each year were: 12 June-2 July 2008, 3.79 脳 107 grains (tail), 22 June-10 July 2010, 3.47 脳 107 grains (tail); From 23 June to 4 July 2011, 9.58 脳 107 grains (tail) and from 24 June to 13 July 2012, 1.22 脳 107 grains (tail). The flood of copper fish eggs in the Miao River is related to the continuous increase of the hydrological discharge in the lower reaches of Jinsha River. The high peak daily runoff of the eggs is consistent with Hong Feng's process, and the maximum daily runoff appears before the maximum hydrological discharge. The breeding period of Yuankou copper fish is from mid-June to early July in a relatively short period (2 ~ 3 weeks). Before the closure of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station in 2008, the early replenishment of copper fish resources in the National Nature Reserve of rare and endemic Fish in the Upper reaches of the Yangtze River was as follows. 212 million (tail); During the diversion construction period from 2010 to 2012, the early resource replenishment was 165 million, 161 million, and 82 million respectively, showing a downward trend; there was no early resource replenishment in 2013. Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba two cascade dams to some extent blocked the circular mouth of copper fish eggs to the downstream drift path. In order to promote or cause the natural reproduction of copper fish, and to reduce the mortality rate of the fish eggs in the reservoir area, to strengthen the protection of the existing habitat of the fish, and to strictly control or prohibit the fishing of parent fish in the spawning field. The possibility of communication connectivity between the upper and lower reaches of the cascade dam and the whole artificial breeding technology of the fish were studied.
【作者單位】： 水利部中國科學(xué)院水工程生態(tài)研究所 水利部水工程生態(tài)效應(yīng)與生態(tài)修復(fù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃課題(2012BAC06B01) 中國長江三峽集團(tuán)公司項目(0382013,0799527,0714097)
【分類號】：S931.1

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