甘肅省定西市作物秸稈資源利用與低碳農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-08 11:56
【摘要】:農(nóng)業(yè)是人類生活的基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)作物作為農(nóng)業(yè)的主要組成部分,它既是碳的排放源,,又是碳的吸收匯。作物既能通過呼吸作用增加碳的排放,又可以通過光合作用吸收并固定碳。農(nóng)田植被是農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳庫(kù)的重要組成部分之一,作物秸稈又是農(nóng)田植被的主體部分,作物秸稈利用對(duì)農(nóng)田植被碳的固定和排放具有重要的影響。研究農(nóng)作物的秸稈資源量、秸稈碳儲(chǔ)量和秸稈利用,對(duì)合理利用秸稈資源和準(zhǔn)確估算農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被碳庫(kù)碳儲(chǔ)量,促進(jìn)區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)“低能耗、低污染、低排放”為目標(biāo)的低碳農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)具有重要意義。 本文采用實(shí)地走訪調(diào)查、農(nóng)田樣方觀測(cè)、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,以及定西市統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒數(shù)據(jù)(2009~2013)等資料,結(jié)合秸稈資源量估算模型和秸稈碳儲(chǔ)量估算模型估算定西市及其6縣1區(qū)小麥、玉米和馬鈴薯等三種主要農(nóng)作物秸稈資源量及其碳儲(chǔ)量的基礎(chǔ)上,為該市秸稈資源高效合理的利用與低碳農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策和措施。通過研究得出以下結(jié)論: (1)近5年(2008~2012)來定西市小麥、玉米和馬鈴薯等主要農(nóng)作物的秸稈資源總量波動(dòng)較大,其作物秸稈資源量的區(qū)域差異以及各類作物構(gòu)成等也存在較大差異。該市作物秸稈資源以玉米秸稈(占54%)為主,小麥秸稈(占34%)次之,馬鈴薯秸稈僅占12%,其秸稈資源相對(duì)較少;該市6縣1區(qū)的秸稈資源量大小排序?yàn)椋和ㄎ伎h(29.87%)安定區(qū)(23.72%)臨洮縣(18.87%)隴西縣(14.41%)渭源(6.72%)漳縣(3.88%)岷縣(2.54%)。 (2)近5年(2008~2012)來定西市小麥、玉米和馬鈴薯等3種主要農(nóng)作物的秸稈資源量波動(dòng)變化較大。其中動(dòng)態(tài)變化最大的是馬鈴薯(最高年是最低年的20多倍),其次是玉米(最高年是最低年的10多倍),小麥最。ㄗ罡吣晔亲畹湍甑2倍左右);就區(qū)域差異而言,定西市6縣1區(qū)小麥秸稈量的大小順序依次為臨洮(20%)漳縣(19%)岷縣(16%)、安定(16%)渭源縣(15%)通渭(8%)隴西(6%);玉米秸稈量的大小排序依次為:通渭(26%)隴西(25%)安定(14%)臨洮(12%)、漳縣(12%)渭源(11%)岷縣;馬鈴薯秸稈量的大小順序依次是:岷縣(40%)渭源(21%)安定(11%)漳縣(10%)臨洮(9%)隴西(6%)通渭(3%)。 (3)定西市作物秸稈資源主要以秸稈還田、秸稈用作飼料兩種利用方式為主,秸稈還田中又以直接還田、過腹還田和焚燒還田為主,堆肥還田和覆蓋還田較少。而秸稈作能源物質(zhì)、秸稈用作工業(yè)作料、秸稈用作食用菌栽培基料等方式的數(shù)量較少,僅在局部地方使用。 (4)近5年(2008~2012)來定西市小麥、玉米和馬鈴薯等主要作物的秸稈碳儲(chǔ)量動(dòng)態(tài)變化大,各類作物秸稈碳儲(chǔ)量的地區(qū)差異和作物構(gòu)成差異明顯。該市3種主要作物的秸稈碳儲(chǔ)量隨著其秸稈資源量的變化而變化;該市3種主要作物的秸稈碳儲(chǔ)量中,玉米秸稈的碳儲(chǔ)量較高(為81.81104t),小麥秸稈的碳儲(chǔ)量(為52.06104t)較低,馬鈴薯秸稈的碳儲(chǔ)量最小(為21.65104t);該市6縣1區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物秸稈的碳儲(chǔ)量大小依次為通渭縣(9.12104t)安定區(qū)(7.20104t)臨洮縣(5.73104t)隴西縣(4.39104t)渭源縣(2.03104t)漳縣(1.18104t)岷縣(0.75104t)。 (5)針對(duì)定西市作物秸稈資源的利用方式單一、產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)度不高、秸稈資源浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重和發(fā)展低碳農(nóng)業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí)不足等問題,今后該市應(yīng)采取下列措施,加強(qiáng)作物秸稈資源合理利用和發(fā)展低碳農(nóng)業(yè):加強(qiáng)教育和宣傳力度;制定相關(guān)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰制度;將畜牧業(yè)和種植業(yè)結(jié)合起來發(fā)展,提高秸稈資源利用水平,減少碳排放;實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈資源產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展;穩(wěn)定玉米和小麥的播種面積,提高其固碳潛力。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basis of human life. Crop is the main component of agriculture. It is both carbon emission source and carbon absorption sink. Crop can increase carbon emission through respiration, and can absorb and fix carbon through photosynthesis. Farmland vegetation is one of the important components of farmland ecosystem carbon bank, and crop straw is the main part of farmland vegetation, and crop straw utilization has an important influence on the fixation and emission of farmland vegetation carbon. Studying the crop straw resource, straw carbon storage and straw utilization, reasonably utilizing straw resources and accurately estimating the carbon storage carbon storage of the farmland ecosystem, promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture, It is of great significance to realize 鈥淟ow energy consumption, low pollution, low emission鈥
本文編號(hào):2256655
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basis of human life. Crop is the main component of agriculture. It is both carbon emission source and carbon absorption sink. Crop can increase carbon emission through respiration, and can absorb and fix carbon through photosynthesis. Farmland vegetation is one of the important components of farmland ecosystem carbon bank, and crop straw is the main part of farmland vegetation, and crop straw utilization has an important influence on the fixation and emission of farmland vegetation carbon. Studying the crop straw resource, straw carbon storage and straw utilization, reasonably utilizing straw resources and accurately estimating the carbon storage carbon storage of the farmland ecosystem, promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture, It is of great significance to realize 鈥淟ow energy consumption, low pollution, low emission鈥
本文編號(hào):2256655
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