本文選題：友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：地下水資源評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鑒于友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)地下水開發(fā)利用中存在著諸多不合理因素,導(dǎo)致了灌區(qū)地下水水位呈區(qū)域性下降的形勢(shì)。國內(nèi)外針對(duì)地下水動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢(shì)、降落漏斗向縱深發(fā)展等諸多問題的相關(guān)研究均說明水環(huán)境問題正在日益明顯。在參閱了大量相關(guān)的國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料之后,在系統(tǒng)分析研究區(qū)的自然地理、地形地貌、地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)、氣候水文狀以及水文地質(zhì)條件等諸多因素的基礎(chǔ)上,分析研究區(qū)水資源情況。(1)在搜集、分析自然地理和地質(zhì)地貌背景資料的基礎(chǔ)上,全面的了解友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)的存在環(huán)境水文地質(zhì)問題及地下水的開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀的情況,得到研究區(qū)的地質(zhì)構(gòu)架,為全面進(jìn)行地下水資源的評(píng)價(jià)奠定了基礎(chǔ),對(duì)友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)地下水資源的開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀,及機(jī)電井的建設(shè)情況進(jìn)行綜合分析,并且詳盡的討論了地下水超采的原因及其帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。(2)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉區(qū)水資源管理的一項(xiàng)重要依據(jù)是該區(qū)地下水動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律。研究友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)灌溉區(qū)地下水水位變化特征,利用實(shí)測(cè)地下水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)(1992-2011),采用Mann-Kendall分析方法研究地下水埋深序列的趨勢(shì)突變點(diǎn),結(jié)合水稻面積增長數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,找出地下水動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢(shì)突變與灌溉面積的響應(yīng)關(guān)系。同時(shí)運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化降水指數(shù)(SPI)方法來分析研究地下水動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢(shì)變化與降水之間的響應(yīng)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:受季節(jié)性灌溉、人為開采等多種因素的影響,地下水下降趨勢(shì)具有明顯的突變特征且呈現(xiàn)周期性,趨勢(shì)突變時(shí)間在2001-2002、2006-2007年間;地下水水位下降趨勢(shì)變化受水稻種植與降水影響,主要受水稻種植面積增長的控制。(3)在地下水資源開發(fā)利用規(guī)劃,以2010年為基準(zhǔn)年,通過預(yù)測(cè)2020及2030規(guī)劃年的供需量,從供需兩方面入手,在把握需水量與供水量的基礎(chǔ)上,研究水資源是否具有保障能力,能否支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。再以井灌農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)為典型區(qū),利用水量平衡原理、統(tǒng)計(jì)降尺度和概率統(tǒng)計(jì)等研究方法,分析計(jì)算現(xiàn)狀條件下糧食作物需水量及地下水可開采量,并建立了糧食生產(chǎn)地下水保障程度指標(biāo)體系。對(duì)友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)的糧食生產(chǎn)地下水保障程度進(jìn)行了分析評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為提出緩解水資源短缺提出控制水稻面積、通過節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)減少灌溉定額和開發(fā)地表水等有效措施闡明理論依據(jù)。顯示友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)的農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉具有較大的節(jié)水空間節(jié)水灌溉及大力開發(fā)引用地表水工程,可以在保證研究區(qū)供水需求的前提上顯著改善區(qū)域地下水環(huán)境,緩解地下水降落的趨勢(shì)及產(chǎn)生的后果。(4)在對(duì)友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)的地下水資源量的研究中,主要是確定地下水資源量、可開采量。針對(duì)不同的計(jì)算量,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有可獲得資料情況選用相應(yīng)合適的計(jì)算方法。運(yùn)用水均衡方法和開采系數(shù)法計(jì)算水資源量,利用有效的數(shù)學(xué)方法推導(dǎo)出研究區(qū)地下水流動(dòng)的偏微分方程定解問題的數(shù)學(xué)模擬模型,并運(yùn)用在原有理想狀態(tài)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化的情況下推導(dǎo)出數(shù)學(xué)模擬模型對(duì)計(jì)算水資源量涉及的參數(shù)及結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,其參數(shù)和計(jì)算結(jié)果量均符合實(shí)際條件。結(jié)果:地下水資源總量分別為64021.72×104m3/a,可開采量為13276.02?104m3/a。其結(jié)果從理論的角度上為友誼農(nóng)場(chǎng)地下水開發(fā)利用的問題提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。(5)結(jié)合上述計(jì)算得到的分析結(jié)果,找出水資源短缺的原因并實(shí)現(xiàn)地下水及水稻生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提出對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:In view of the development and utilization of groundwater in friendship farm there are many unreasonable factors, led to a regional groundwater level decline in the situation at home and abroad. According to the groundwater dynamic trend, related research funnel to the depth development problems are that the water environment problem is increasingly obvious. After reading a large number of relevant literature at home and abroad in the system, the analysis of physical geography, the study area topography, geological characteristics, climate and hydrology based shape and hydrogeological conditions and other factors, analysis of the situation of water resources in the study area. (1) in the collection, analysis of the natural geographical and geological background information, a comprehensive understanding of the existence of hydrogeological friendship farm the problem of groundwater environment and the present situation of exploitation, the geological structure of the study area, which laid the foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater resources, Current situation of development and utilization of groundwater resources in friendship farm, a comprehensive analysis of construction and electromechanical wells, and discuss the reasons of serious consequences of over exploitation of groundwater and bring. (2) an important basis for the management of water resources in agricultural irrigation area is the dynamic changes of the groundwater in the area. The characteristics of groundwater level of friendship farm the irrigation area, using the measured data of groundwater (1992-2011), using the Mann-Kendall analysis method to study the groundwater depth trend change point, combined with the comparative analysis of rice area growth data, find out the dynamic response relationship with the mutation trend of the groundwater irrigation area. At the same time using standardized precipitation index (SPI) method to analyze the relationship between changes in response study on precipitation and groundwater dynamic trend. The results show that seasonal irrigation, factors affecting human exploitation, groundwater The trend has obvious characteristics and periodicity of mutation, mutation trend during 2001-20022006-2007; groundwater level decline change effect of rice planting and precipitation, rice planting area is mainly affected by the control of growth. (3) in the planning of groundwater resource development and utilization, in 2010 as the base year, 2020 and 2030 by the prediction of supply and demand planning and from the two aspects of supply and demand, based on grasping the water demand and water supply, water resources have protection ability, can support the sustainable economic and social development. The area is a typical agricultural irrigation area, using the water balance principle, research method and probability statistics scale drop statistics, analysis and calculation under the current conditions. Grain crop water and groundwater exploitation, and the establishment of food production security index system. The degree of Groundwater groundwater protection on grain production friendship farm Analyses of evaluation results for the proposed control is put forward to alleviate the water shortage of rice area, through water-saving irrigation technology to reduce the irrigation quota and the development of surface water and other effective measures to clarify the theoretical basis. According to agricultural irrigation with friendship farm water-saving space and vigorously develop water-saving irrigation large reference surface water engineering, in the premise of water demand in study area the significant improvement of the regional groundwater environment, alleviate groundwater trends and consequences. (4) in the study of groundwater resource quantity of friendship farm in the main is to determine the underground water resources quantity, exploitation quantity. According to the different amount of calculation, combined with the existing data can be obtained using the corresponding appropriate calculation method. The calculation of water resources by water balance method and extraction method of partial differential equation by the method of mathematics effectively push the study area groundwater flow is derived Definite solution of the mathematical simulation model, and the use of strengthening in the original ideal state mathematical simulation model to verify the results and parameters involved in calculating the amount of water resources, the parameters and the calculation results were consistent with the actual conditions. Results: the total amount of groundwater resources is 64021.72 * 104m3/a respectively, the recoverable amount is 13276.02? 104m3/a. the results provide data support from the theoretical point of view for the development and utilization of groundwater problems. Friendship farm (5) combined with the calculated results, find out the reasons of the shortage of water resources and realize the sustainable development of rice production in underground water and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P641.8

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