本文選題：魚類資源　切入點：安寧河　出處：《水生態(tài)學(xué)雜志》2016年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：為了解安寧河魚類資源現(xiàn)狀,于2013年3月至2014年12月對安寧河及其支流18個采樣點進(jìn)行了5次調(diào)查,共計采集魚類3 113尾,隸屬4目、10科、35屬、52種,其中長江上游特有魚類13種;魚類區(qū)系包括中國平原、南方平原、南方山地、中亞山地、北方平原和晚第三紀(jì)早期6個區(qū)系復(fù)合體;其中,中亞山地區(qū)系復(fù)合體占優(yōu)(40.4%)。安寧河不同河段Jaccard's相似性指數(shù)在0.12~0.47,魚類群落相似性總體較低。根據(jù)IRI(100為優(yōu)勢種)指數(shù)計算結(jié)果,麥穗魚(Pseudorasbora parva)、齊口裂腹魚(Schizothorax prenanti)、紅尾副鰍(Paracobitis variegatus)、西昌高原鰍(Triplophysa xichangensis)、斯氏高原鰍(Triplophysa stoliczkae)、東方高原鰍(Triplophysa orientalis)、鲇(Silurus asotus)和白緣魚央(Liobagrus marginatus)8種魚類為安寧河優(yōu)勢種。根據(jù)個體生物學(xué)測量,安寧河主要漁獲對象規(guī)格較小,齊口裂腹魚均重285.8 g/尾,紅尾副鰍均重7.2 g/尾,鯽(Carassius auratus)均重78.3 g/尾,鯉(Cyprinus carpio)均重361.1 g/尾,鲇均重93.7 g/尾,表明可能存在過度捕撈現(xiàn)象。多樣性分析顯示,Margalef豐富度指數(shù)(R)在1.95~4.47,Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)(H)在1.75~2.33,Pielou均勻度指數(shù)(E)在0.67~0.73。安寧河魚類多樣性相比同區(qū)域其它河流偏低,可能與安寧河魚類群落受到各種干擾、生境異質(zhì)性降低、魚類群落已發(fā)生演替有關(guān)。對比歷史資料,魚類種類數(shù)從82種下降至52種,在不同區(qū)域的各分類階元均有所減少,且有自上而下加重的趨勢。水電開發(fā)、河道采砂以及資源不合理利用等是影響安寧河魚類資源的主要因素。基于研究結(jié)果,建議盡快加強(qiáng)安寧河魚類資源保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the status of fishery resources in Ninghe, from March 2013 to December 2014 of the Anning River and its tributaries 18 sampling points were the 5 survey, a total of 3113 fish tail collection, belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, 35 genera, 52 species, including 13 Endemic Fishes of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; fish fauna including China Plain, southern plains south mountain, mountain, Central Asia, Northern Plains in late third century and early 6 floristic complex; the complex system of Central Asia dominant mountain area (40.4%). The different sections of the Anning River Jaccard's similarity index in 0.12~0.47, the fish community similarity is low. According to IRI (100 species) index calculation results, wheat fish (Pseudorasbora parva), Schizothorax prenanti (Schizothorax prenanti), Paracobitis variegatus (Paracobitis variegatus), Xichang (Triplophysa xichangensis), Triplophysa Triplophysa stoliczkae (Triplophysa stoliczkae), Oriental loach (Triplophysa Oriental Is (Silurus), asotus) and catfish liobagrus marginatus (Liobagrus marginatus) 8 kinds of fish as the dominant species in Anning River. According to the individual biological measurement, the main target of Anning River was the object of small size, Schizothorax prenanti was 285.8 g/ tail, Paracobitis variegatus were 7.2 crucian carp (Carassius g/ tail. Auratus 78.3 g/) were heavy tail, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were 361.1 g/, 93.7 g/ catfish were heavy tail, suggesting the existence of overfishing. Diversity analysis showed that the Margalef richness index (R) in 1.95~4.47, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) in 1.75~ 2.33, Pielou evenness index (E the same area was lower than other rivers) in 0.67~0.73. peaceful fish diversity, and peaceful fish communities subjected to various disturbances, habitat heterogeneity decreased, fish communities have been changed. Compared with the historical data, the species number decreased from 82 to 52, in the order of classification in different regions Yuan decrease, and there is a top-down increasing trend. The development of hydropower, river sand and irrational utilization of resources are the main factors influencing the Peace River fish resources. Based on the research results, suggestions to strengthen peace fish resources protection as soon as possible.

【作者單位】： 中國水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院長江水產(chǎn)研究所農(nóng)業(yè)部長江中上游漁業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心;雅礱江流域水電開發(fā)有限公司;
【基金】：雅礱江保護(hù)及特有魚類生活史、繁殖生物學(xué)研究(雅礱江流域水電開發(fā)有限公司項目JPIA-G201224)
【分類號】：S932.4
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本文編號：1580885