本文關鍵詞：基于GIS的慶安縣耕地資源理論總量的估算研究　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 耕地總量 耕地占補平衡 土地整理 耕地質(zhì)量評價 ArcGIS

【摘要】：我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,農(nóng)業(yè)是各行各業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎,良好的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展必定會為社會的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展建設、政治穩(wěn)定起到支撐和推動作用。土地是一種特殊的商品,它的稀缺性(面積有限性)、位置固定性、某些地類轉(zhuǎn)換的單向性等都決定了人地矛盾產(chǎn)生的必然性。其中,特別是建設用地占用以耕地為主的農(nóng)用地矛盾比較突出。因此,在人地協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的大背景下,尋求掌控耕地資源總量背景下耕地保護的途徑對保障我國糧食安全至關重要。保護耕地問題通常分為數(shù)量保護和質(zhì)量保護,并且我國己由初期的定性式數(shù)量保護研究向定性定量相結(jié)合模式的數(shù)量質(zhì)量雙重保護邁進。為此,我國還出臺了相關的法律法規(guī)以保護耕地數(shù)量質(zhì)量雙平衡,“占補平衡”就是其中典型的政策之一。由于數(shù)量上的占補平衡易于達到,而質(zhì)量保護這一隱性問題常常被忽視,將耕地數(shù)量和質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一起來,探討耕地總量是有的放矢做好耕地利用與保護的基礎和關鍵性工作。 本文以黑龍江省慶安縣為研究區(qū)域,首先在探討分析大量相關文獻及收集數(shù)據(jù)的基礎上,以ArcGIS9.3為技術支撐,對慶安縣的耕地質(zhì)量狀況進行合理、準確、科學的實證分析。并通過ArcGIS9.3軟件中的空間分析模塊(model builder)對耕地質(zhì)量評價進行一鍵化建模處理,這與傳統(tǒng)的耕地質(zhì)量評價方式相比,不但提高了工作效率和成果精度,而且還節(jié)省財力、物力和人力,其準確、快速、定性定量相結(jié)合、較強的可視性、易于實現(xiàn)與推廣等特點使其擁有廣闊的應用前景。此外,軟件的空間數(shù)據(jù)和屬性數(shù)據(jù)的分析與處理功能能便于其數(shù)據(jù)成果的后期處理與管理工作(如快速查詢、分析和顯示等),也為耕地質(zhì)量的動態(tài)監(jiān)測奠定基礎。然后,利用耕地數(shù)量、質(zhì)量按等級折算和土地整理潛力分析的方法、原理與思路,在耕地質(zhì)量評價研究的數(shù)據(jù)成果上對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的耕地數(shù)量進行按等級折算和耕地潛力分析。從而找到一個可以“以量表質(zhì)”的耕地資源理論總量的估算方法,對全國重要的商品糧基地之一的慶安縣耕地資源理論總量有一個全局性把握,同時也為占補平衡提供理論依據(jù),為全國耕地理論總量估算問題的研究奠定基礎。主要研究成果如下： (1)慶安縣耕地質(zhì)量狀況屬全省中低等水平。慶安縣耕地國家級自然質(zhì)量等從九等至十一等共3個等別,其面積分別為15.56km2、822.44km2和1156.48km2。耕地國家級利用等別從九等至十二等共4個等別,其面積分別為17.86km2.704.50km2、1244.95km2和27.17km2。耕地國家級經(jīng)濟等別從十等到十二等共3個等別,其面積分別為386.77km2、1257.60km2和350.11km2。 (2)將現(xiàn)有耕地數(shù)量質(zhì)量按研究區(qū)域最高利用等別進行等別折算,得到現(xiàn)有耕地理論數(shù)量為1587.31km2。 (3)根據(jù)慶安縣20062020年土地利用總體規(guī)劃中劃定的土地整治重點項目和土地整治重點區(qū)域劃定耕地潛力評價單元。慶安縣土地整理凈增耕地面積為55.57km2,將其按折算系數(shù)表折算,即可得出慶安縣耕地潛力數(shù)量為47.71km2。 (4)慶安縣耕地資源理論總量由現(xiàn)有耕地理論數(shù)量和耕地潛力數(shù)量之和求得為1635.02km2。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, agriculture is the foundation of all walks of life development, agricultural development must be good for the development of the society, political stability play a role in promoting and supporting. The land is a kind of special commodity, its scarcity (limited area), fixed position qualitative, necessity of some kind the one-way conversion have decided to produce the contradiction between people and land. Among them, especially the construction land contradiction of agricultural land dominated by arable land more prominent. Therefore, the background of sustainable development in the people under the way of seeking the protection of cultivated land under the background of the total control of land resources are vital to guarantee food security in China. The protection of cultivated land is usually divided into the number and quality of protection and protection, our country has the quantitative study by qualitative quantitative protection to initial qualitative double protection mode into the quantity and quality. Therefore, China is still The introduction of relevant laws and regulations on the protection of cultivated land quality and quantity balance, "balance" is one of the typical policy. Because the number of the balance is easy to reach, and the quality of protection of the latent problems are often ignored, the quantity and quality of cultivated land is unified, of total cultivated land can be cultivated land utilization work the basic and key and protection.
This paper takes Qing'an County of Heilongjiang Province as the study area, first in the analysis of a large number of relevant literature and data collection based on the ArcGIS9.3 technology, the quality of the land in Qing county were reasonable, accurate and scientific analysis. And through ArcGIS9.3 software in spatial analysis module (model builder) to evaluate the quality of cultivated land a key modeling process, compared with the traditional way of cultivated land quality evaluation, not only improve the working efficiency and accuracy of the results, but also save money, material and human resources, the accurate, rapid, quantitative analysis combining with qualitative analysis, strong visibility, easy implementation and promotion etc. so that it has broad application prospects. In addition, post processing and management analysis and processing software of spatial data and attribute data to the data (such as fast query, analysis and display, etc.) for cultivated land Lay the foundation for dynamic monitoring of quality. Then, the quantity of cultivated land, quality grade conversion and land consolidation potential analysis method, principle and way of thinking, study on Evaluation of cultivated land quality data on the number of existing cultivated land in the study area of grade conversion and farming potential. In order to find a new method to estimate "the scale of quality of the cultivated land resources theory of the total, the total amount of cultivated land resources in Qing'an County of commodity grain base theory of the important has an overall grasp, but also provide a theoretical basis for the balance of arable land, lay the foundation for the theory of total estimation problem. The main research results are as follows:
(1) the quality of cultivated land in Qing'an County in the low level. The national natural quality of cultivated land in Qing'an county from nine to eleven, a total of 3 grades, the area is respectively 15.56km2822.44km2 and 1156.48km2. national farmland utilization grade from nine to twelve a total of 4 grade, 17.86km2.704.50km21244.95km2 and 27.17km2. don't land the national economy from ten until twelve and a total of 3 grades for the surface integral, the area were 386.77km21257.60km2 and 350.11km2.
(2) to calculate the quantity and quality of the cultivated land according to the highest utilization of the research area and so on. The quantity of the existing cultivated land theory is 1587.31km2.
(3) according to the Qing'an County 20062020 years of land use overall planning in the delineation of land remediation and land remediation projects focus on key areas of cultivated land potential evaluation unit cultivated area in Qing'an county. Net land consolidation is 55.57km2, according to the conversion coefficient table conversion can be obtained, the number of potential of cultivated land in Qing'an county is 47.71km2.
(4) the total amount of arable land resources in Qing'an county is determined by the amount of cultivated land theory and the amount of cultivated land, which is 1635.02km2.

【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F323.211;S127

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