本文關(guān)鍵詞：南四湖水生生物資源現(xiàn)狀及河蟹養(yǎng)殖模式優(yōu)化　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 南四湖 河蟹 圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖 底棲動物 水生植物 鱖魚 套養(yǎng)

【摘要】：河蟹學(xué)名中華絨螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis H.Miln-Eswards),屬甲殼綱(Crustacea),十足目(Decapoda),爬行亞目(Raptantia),方蟹科(Grapsidae),絨螯蟹屬(Eriocheir)。味道鮮美,營養(yǎng)豐富,是我國特有的水生經(jīng)濟水產(chǎn),在南四湖也是主要的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對象。南四湖是山東省最大的淡水湖,河蟹養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模巨大,但其作為南水北調(diào)東線的主要調(diào)蓄樞紐,水質(zhì)要求較高,加之人們對無公害河蟹的需求量日趨增高,南四湖河蟹養(yǎng)殖也面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn),這也為南四湖河蟹養(yǎng)殖模式的轉(zhuǎn)型創(chuàng)造了新的機遇。本研究首先對南四湖水生生物資源現(xiàn)狀進行調(diào)查,摸清水生生物資源現(xiàn)狀;同時通過對比南四湖河蟹圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)及非養(yǎng)殖區(qū)底棲動物的群落結(jié)構(gòu),分析南四湖河蟹圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖對底棲動物的影響;最后通過兩年的河蟹套養(yǎng)鱖魚實驗,提出新的河蟹優(yōu)化養(yǎng)殖辦法。1.南四湖水生生物資源調(diào)查現(xiàn)狀通過對南四湖目前實際的水域分布和漁業(yè)功能區(qū)劃分情況對其展開水生生物資源調(diào)查,設(shè)置48個調(diào)查站位。共采集大型底棲動物70種,其中寡毛類5種,腹足綱20種,瓣鰓綱11種,水生昆蟲28種,其他動物6種。底棲動物多樣性指數(shù)、種類豐富度指數(shù)分別為1.051和0.909,密度和生物量為756 ind/m2和97.88 g/m2。共采集水生植物53種,隸屬于27科37屬,菹草、光葉眼子菜、儠菜、菱、篦齒眼子菜、穗狀狐尾藻為南四湖植物群落的主要優(yōu)勢種,全湖四季共有16個優(yōu)勢群叢。2.河蟹圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖對南四湖底棲動物的影響對南四湖微山島附近河蟹圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)和非養(yǎng)殖區(qū)進行野外實際調(diào)查,分析河蟹圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖對底棲動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響以及水生生物的自然恢復(fù)能力。結(jié)果表明,河蟹養(yǎng)殖區(qū)大型底棲動物的多樣性和現(xiàn)存量明顯下降,優(yōu)勢種和功能攝食類群趨于單一,非養(yǎng)殖區(qū)底棲動物種類高于養(yǎng)殖區(qū),特別是軟體動物,非養(yǎng)殖區(qū)有11種,優(yōu)勢種為7種,而養(yǎng)殖區(qū)只有紋沼螺這一種類。在4-12月份養(yǎng)殖區(qū)和非養(yǎng)殖區(qū)底棲動物的現(xiàn)存量都有所增加,說明示范區(qū)底棲動物有實現(xiàn)種群恢復(fù)的能力,但養(yǎng)殖區(qū)增加不顯著,說明在河蟹捕食壓力下底棲動物難以實現(xiàn)種群恢復(fù)。3.南四湖河蟹圍網(wǎng)套養(yǎng)鱖魚實驗為了解決河蟹養(yǎng)殖過程中餌料過剩以及充分利用野雜魚資源,在河蟹圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)進行了河蟹圍網(wǎng)中套養(yǎng)鱖魚實驗。兩年的實驗結(jié)果表明,在河蟹圍網(wǎng)中套養(yǎng)密度為3尾/畝的鱖魚,不僅不對河蟹養(yǎng)殖造成影響,還會對其有益,可以獲得較高的收益。
[Abstract]:Name of crab Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis H.Miln-Eswards), which belongs to Crustacea, Decapoda (Crustacea) (Decapoda), Reptantia (Raptantia), Grapsidae (Grapsidae), Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir). Delicious taste and rich nutrition, is China's unique economic aquatic fishery in Nansi Lake is. The main aquaculture object. Nansi Lake is the biggest freshwater lake in Shandong Province, crab breeding scale, but its storage as the main hub of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, high quality requirements, and people demand for pollution-free crab increased, Nansi Lake crab farming is also facing enormous challenges, it also creates new opportunities for the transformation of Nansi Lake crab breeding mode. This study first investigated the current situation of the biological resources of aquatic biological resources in Nansi Lake, touch the water situation; at the same time through the crab breeding area in the four lake Seine and non farming areas The community structure of benthic animal, analysis of the impact of aquatic breeding on benthic animal in Nansi Lake crab; finally through a two-year experimental fish crab crab breeding, put forward a new optimization measures for the investigation of.1. in Nansi Lake aquatic resources situation through the actual distribution of Nansi Lake waters and Fisheries of the function division of aquatic resources survey, set up 48 survey stations were collected. The benthic animal 70 species, including 5 species of Oligochaeta, 20 species of Gastropoda, Lamellibranchia 11 kinds, 28 kinds of aquatic insects and other animal species. 6 benthic animal diversity index, species richness index were 1.051 and 0.909, the density and biomass of 756 and ind/m2 97.88 g/m2. were collected in 53 kinds of aquatic plants, belonging to 27 families and 37 genera, Potamogeton crispus, light leaf pondweed, Lie dish, Mitsubishi, Potamogeton pectinatus, m.spicatum was the dominant species of plant communities in the lake of Nansi Lake, four seasons There are 16 advantages of cluster effect.2. crab enclosure aquaculture on Nansi Lake were investigated in the field of benthic animal of crab fence breeding area near the island of Weishan in Nansi Lake and non breeding areas of aquatic breeding on benthic animal crab community structure and aquatic natural resilience analysis. The results show that the diversity and biomass farming area the crab benthic animal was significantly decreased, the dominant species and functional feeding groups tend to a single species of benthic animal breeding, non breeding area is higher than the area, especially the soft animal, non breeding area of 11 species, 7 dominant species, and breeding areas only parafossarulus striatulus. This species has increased in the existing 4-12 month farming areas and non farming areas of benthic animal, that has the ability to achieve the demonstration area of benthic animal population recovery, but the breeding area did not significantly increase, indicating the crab predation pressure of benthic animals under difficult .3. implementation of population recovery in Nansi Lake crab breeding fish Seine during crab culture experiment in order to solve the food surplus and make full use of wild fish resources, a crab fish purse net experiment was carried out in the area. Two aquatic breeding crab. The experimental results show that in the Seine in crab breeding density was 3 ind / mu of fish, not only wrong crab culture impact, but also to the good, can obtain higher returns.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S966.16;S932

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