本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于海洋資源價值評估的圍填海管理方法研究　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海洋資源價值 圍填海管理 海洋生態(tài)補償 海域有償使用

【摘要】：隨著沿海地區(qū)人口密度持續(xù)增大和海洋經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，人地矛盾的問題日益突出。圍填海是人類開發(fā)利用海岸帶資源的重要方式，是增加沿海地區(qū)土地資源供給、支持臨港工業(yè)發(fā)展、提高沿海地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化水平的重要手段。然而，圍填海造地在帶來發(fā)展機遇的同時，也導(dǎo)致了海岸帶生態(tài)環(huán)境被破壞，海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值下降等嚴重的生態(tài)問題。目前，我國的圍填海管理仍處在探索階段，尚不能完全解決圍填海過程中的外部性問題，需要進一步完善管理方法，以實現(xiàn)圍填海效益的最大化，保證海域資源可持續(xù)利用。 海域有償使用和海洋生態(tài)補償都是解決圍填海外部性的行之有效的經(jīng)濟手段，都可以實現(xiàn)圍填海資源環(huán)境外部成本的內(nèi)部化，從而提高海域使用者成本，優(yōu)化海域資源配置；從管理層面上來說，海洋生態(tài)補償是海域有償使用的必要補充，兩者的綜合應(yīng)用，可以使海洋資源的價值得到全面體現(xiàn)，改善海洋綜合管理成效。因此，本文從海洋資源價值視角出發(fā)，同時對兩種經(jīng)濟手段進行研究，在研究了圍填海中使用的海域資源內(nèi)容及其價值評估方法后，提出海域使用金的征收應(yīng)當針對海域空間資源的占用，海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能價值損失的補償應(yīng)由海洋生態(tài)補償金來實現(xiàn)，并對建立具體的管理制度提出了針對性的建議。 首先，本文梳理了公共物品理論、外部性理論、海洋資源價值及其評估的理論和方法，為解決圍填海外部不經(jīng)濟提供了理論依據(jù)。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論，外部性的內(nèi)部化是解決外部性問題，實現(xiàn)資源可持續(xù)利用的核心，而海洋資源價值的評估是實現(xiàn)外部性內(nèi)部化的關(guān)鍵點。 其次，本文第二章概況介紹了我國圍填海的現(xiàn)狀，回顧圍填海的發(fā)展歷程，指出圍填海持續(xù)過熱的驅(qū)動力，重點揭示了圍填海造成的外部性，包括海洋資源衰退，海洋生態(tài)服務(wù)功能減弱，以及由于監(jiān)管不力造成的資源低效利用等一系列的問題。 第三章對我國現(xiàn)行的圍填海造地管理制度進行了簡要概括，包括海洋功能區(qū)劃制度、海域權(quán)屬管理制度、海域有償使用制度、環(huán)境影響評價制度及海域使用論證制度。雖然我國已初步建立了較為完善的海域使用管理制度，但是現(xiàn)實中制度的執(zhí)行情況并不理想，，也不能完全滿足圍填海管理的現(xiàn)實要求。 第四章分析了圍填海中占用的海洋資源內(nèi)容，提出了將海洋資源價值主要分為海域空間資源價值和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)價值的觀點。之后，利用海洋資源價值估算方法，對圍填海過程中海域空間資源及海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值損失分別進行了估算。 第五章在前一章的基礎(chǔ)上，更加關(guān)注現(xiàn)實中的圍填海海域資源價格管理，指出應(yīng)當重點完善海域有償使用制度和海洋生態(tài)補償制度，并分析了兩者在實施中的關(guān)鍵點。期望可以通過兩者的綜合利用，科學(xué)、全面、合理地反映圍填海中海洋資源的價值，實現(xiàn)圍填海外部性的內(nèi)部化，優(yōu)化海域資源的配置。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of population density in coastal areas and the marine economy continues to increase, the contradiction between people and land have become increasingly prominent. Land reclamation is an important way for human development and utilization of coastal resources, is to increase the supply of land resources in the coastal area, to support the development of port industry, an important means to improve the level of urbanization in coastal areas. However, the reclamation in the bring development opportunities at the same time, also led to the coastal ecological environment destruction, ecological problems of marine ecosystem service value decreased seriously. At present, the reclamation management is still in the exploratory stage in China, is still not completely solve the externality issue on the process of reclamation, the need to further improve the management methods, to achieve the maximum the reclamation efficiency, ensure the sustainable utilization of marine resources.
The paid use of sea area and marine ecological compensation is to solve the reclamation of the Overseas Department of effective economic means, can realize the reclamation of resources and environment the internalization of external cost, so as to improve the waters of user cost, optimization of sea resources allocation; from the management level, the marine ecological compensation is a necessary complement to the paid use of sea area, comprehensive application of the two, can make the value of marine resources are fully reflected, improve the comprehensive marine management results. Therefore, this paper from the perspective of the value of marine resources, at the same time to study the two kinds of economic means, in the assessment of confining sea resources and its value in use of the method of reclamation, the sea use levy should be occupied in sea area resources, compensation shall be paid by the marine ecological compensation value of the loss of marine ecosystem service function to achieve, and to establish the specific The management system has put forward pertinent suggestions.
Firstly, this paper reviews the theory of public goods, externality theory, theory and method of value and evaluation of marine resources, provides a theoretical basis to solve the reclamation of external economy. According to economic theory, the internalization of externalities is to solve the external problem, realize the core of sustainable use of resources, and to assess the value of marine resources is achieve internal and external key point.
Secondly, in the second chapter of this paper introduces the current situation of China's reclamation, review the development process of the reclamation, pointed out that the driving force of sustained overheating Wai reclamation, reveals the focus of externality caused by reclamation, including marine resources recession, marine ecosystem service function, and the lack of supervision caused by the inefficient use of resources etc. a series of problems.
The third chapter of the reclamation management system for a brief summary of our current system, including the functional divisions of the sea, sea area property management system, the system of paid use of sea area, the environmental impact assessment system and sea use assessment system. Although China has initially established a relatively perfect sea use management system, but the implementation of the system in reality is not ideal, can not fully meet the practical requirements of reclamation management.
The fourth chapter analyzes the content of marine resources occupied around reclamation, the value of marine resources is mainly divided into the value of space resources in the waters and system of the marine ecological value view. After using method to estimate the value of marine resources, sea reclamation of space resources and marine ecosystem service value loss in the process were estimated.
In the fifth chapter, based on the previous chapter, pay more attention to the reclamation and management of marine resources price in reality, points out that we should focus on improving the system of sea area and marine ecological compensation system of compensation for the use and analysis of the two key points in the implementation of the comprehensive utilization of the two. Expected to pass by, scientific, comprehensive, reasonably reflect the Wai the reclamation in the value of marine resources, realize the reclamation of Overseas Department of internal optimization, the marine resource allocation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P74

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