【摘要】：航空航天結(jié)構(gòu)通常工作在熱、力、磁等多物理場耦合復(fù)雜環(huán)境,極端溫度環(huán)境下結(jié)構(gòu)易發(fā)生變形,力學(xué)性能也有所減弱,從而使結(jié)構(gòu)存在安全隱患,因此開展針對結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測研究具有重要意義。光纖光柵能夠感測材料溫度、應(yīng)變等70余種物理量且體積小、靈敏度高、抗電磁干擾、易構(gòu)建分布式傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)等優(yōu)越性能。因此,本文研究了基于光纖傳感技術(shù)的管狀結(jié)構(gòu)熱應(yīng)變及變形監(jiān)測方法,主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面:首先,針對航空結(jié)構(gòu)的溫度場監(jiān)測需求,對復(fù)雜環(huán)境溫度場下光纖光柵易產(chǎn)生的啁啾效應(yīng)的原因進行研究。利用光學(xué)軟件Optigrating對非均勻場作用下光柵反射光譜進行模擬。在此基礎(chǔ)上,搭建光纖光柵非均勻溫度場及應(yīng)變場試驗系統(tǒng),根據(jù)數(shù)值仿真和試驗結(jié)果,得到光纖光柵啁啾現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生機理和影響特性。其次,研究不同形式與膠接條件下的光纖光柵傳感器在高低溫溫度場中傳感特性,給出光纖光柵低溫下易產(chǎn)生啁啾效應(yīng)原因。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過設(shè)計合理的傳感器封裝減弱光纖光柵低溫啁啾效應(yīng)。再次,構(gòu)建了基于分布式光纖光柵傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的鋁合金以及碳纖維復(fù)合材料管狀結(jié)構(gòu)均勻溫度場監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)穩(wěn)態(tài)均勻溫度場作用下的管結(jié)構(gòu)熱變形理論和仿真數(shù)值,提出一種計算管狀結(jié)構(gòu)軸向變形的快速計算方法,并驗證了該方法的可行性。最后,構(gòu)建了基于分布式光纖光柵傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的管狀結(jié)構(gòu)非均勻溫度場監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。通過分析鋁合金管狀結(jié)構(gòu)表面溫度場梯度特征,結(jié)合仿真結(jié)果,給出管狀結(jié)構(gòu)軸向變形計算方法,并得到管狀結(jié)構(gòu)表面光纖光柵所受非均勻溫度場下反射光譜特性。
[Abstract]:The aerospace structure usually works in the complex environment of thermal, force, magnetic and other physical field coupling. The structure is prone to deformation and the mechanical properties are weakened in the extreme temperature environment, which makes the structure have hidden dangers of safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the monitoring research for the structural state. Fiber grating can sense more than 70 kinds of physical quantities, such as material temperature and strain, and has the advantages of small volume, high sensitivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, easy to construct distributed sensor network and so on. Therefore, the thermal strain and deformation monitoring method of tubular structure based on optical fiber sensing technology is studied in this paper. the main contents include the following aspects: first, according to the temperature field monitoring requirements of aeronautical structure, The causes of chirp effect of fiber gratings in complex ambient temperature field are studied. The reflection spectrum of grating under the action of non-uniform field is simulated by optical software Optigrating. On this basis, the non-uniform temperature field and strain field test system of fiber gratings is built. According to the numerical simulation and experimental results, the mechanism and influence characteristics of chirp phenomenon of fiber gratings are obtained. Secondly, the sensing characteristics of fiber grating sensors in high and low temperature fields under different forms and bonding conditions are studied, and the reasons for chirp effect of fiber gratings at low temperature are given. On this basis, the low temperature chirp effect of fiber gratings is weakened by reasonable sensor packaging. Thirdly, the uniform temperature field monitoring system of aluminum alloy and carbon fiber composite tubular structure based on distributed fiber grating sensor network is constructed. According to the thermal deformation theory and simulation value of pipe structure under the action of steady uniform temperature field, a fast calculation method for axial deformation of tubular structure is proposed, and the feasibility of this method is verified. Finally, a tube structure non-uniform temperature field monitoring system based on distributed fiber grating sensor network is constructed. Based on the analysis of the gradient characteristics of the surface temperature field of the tubular structure of aluminum alloy, combined with the simulation results, the calculation method of the axial deformation of the tubular structure is given, and the reflection spectral characteristics of the fiber grating on the surface of the tubular structure under the non-uniform temperature field are obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：V414;V214;TP212

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