【摘要】：氣固兩相流技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,對(duì)其流動(dòng)參數(shù)檢測(cè)是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)急需解決的問題。目前,氣固兩相流測(cè)量方法中靜電法得到了迅速的發(fā)展。靜電法是基于靜電感應(yīng)原理,利用靜電傳感器對(duì)氣固兩相流的速度、細(xì)度等參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)量。靜電傳感器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、安裝方便、成本低廉、靈敏度高等特點(diǎn),未來有很大發(fā)展?jié)摿Α１疚睦渺o電感應(yīng)原理,設(shè)計(jì)出兩種不同類型的靜電傳感器:插入式靜電傳感器和感應(yīng)式靜電傳感器。通過研究靜電傳感器性能特性,分析影響靜電傳感器測(cè)量精度的因素和兩類靜電傳感器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并對(duì)靜電傳感器進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。主要工作內(nèi)容包括:(1)分析火電廠氣固兩相流模型,利用PVC管道、漏斗、開關(guān)閥門、閥柵、鐵架、銅膜等器材在實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),以驗(yàn)證靜電傳感器的性能。(2)根據(jù)靜電感應(yīng)原理,對(duì)插入式靜電傳感器和感應(yīng)式靜電傳感器數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行分析。同時(shí)對(duì)兩種靜電傳感器的材料選型和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)分析,并比較兩類靜電傳感器優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。(3)設(shè)計(jì)靜電信號(hào)處理電路,電路主要包括模擬電路和數(shù)字電路。模擬電路使用雙運(yùn)算放大器LM358完成電荷電壓轉(zhuǎn)換、前級(jí)放大、濾波及信號(hào)極性調(diào)整等,采用PGA202和PGA203完成信號(hào)的二級(jí)放大。數(shù)字電路包括信號(hào)采集、存儲(chǔ)、顯示等。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證該靜電信號(hào)處理電路具有較高的信噪比和較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力。(4)利用傅里葉變換法對(duì)微弱信號(hào)進(jìn)行頻率檢測(cè),并利用MATLAB進(jìn)行仿真,對(duì)測(cè)量頻率進(jìn)行誤差分析。(5)基于實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主搭建的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)對(duì)兩類靜電傳感器進(jìn)行測(cè)量驗(yàn)證,檢驗(yàn)兩類靜電傳感器測(cè)量的準(zhǔn)確性、實(shí)時(shí)性、重復(fù)性,以及傳感器在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的抗干擾能力,并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析兩類傳感器的測(cè)量誤差和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Gas-solid two-phase flow technology has been widely used in industrial production, the detection of its flow parameters is an urgent problem to be solved in modern industry. At present, electrostatic method has been developed rapidly in gas-solid two-phase flow measurement. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, electrostatic sensor is used to measure the velocity and fineness of gas-solid two-phase flow. Electrostatic sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation, low cost and high sensitivity, so it has great development potential in the future. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, two kinds of electrostatic sensors are designed: plug-in electrostatic sensor and inductive electrostatic sensor. By studying the performance characteristics of electrostatic sensors, the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of electrostatic sensors and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed, and the electrostatic sensors are verified by experiments. The main contents are as follows: (1) analyzing the gas-solid two-phase flow model of thermal power plant, using PVC pipe, funnel, switch valve, valve grid, iron frame, copper film and other equipment to build the experimental platform in the laboratory. In order to verify the performance of electrostatic sensors. (2) according to the principle of electrostatic induction, the mathematical models of plug-in electrostatic sensors and inductive electrostatic sensors are analyzed. At the same time, the material selection and structure design of two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are compared. (3) Electrostatic signal processing circuit is designed, which mainly includes analog circuit and digital circuit. The analog circuit uses double operational amplifier LM358 to complete charge-voltage conversion, pre-amplification, filtering and signal polarity adjustment, etc., and uses PGA202 and PGA203 to complete the second-stage amplification of the signal. Digital circuit includes signal acquisition, storage, display and so on. The experimental results show that the electrostatic signal processing circuit has high signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-jamming ability. (4) Fourier transform method is used to detect the weak signal frequency, and MATLAB is used to simulate the circuit. The error analysis of the measurement frequency is carried out. (5) the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are measured and verified based on the experimental platform built by themselves in the laboratory, and the accuracy, real-time and repeatability of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested. And the anti-jamming ability of the sensors in practical application, and the measurement errors, advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed according to the experimental data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP212

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