【摘要】：望遠(yuǎn)鏡是進行天文觀測的重要工具,它的口徑越大,集光能力則越強,分辨能力則越高。隨著口徑的增大,主鏡受風(fēng)力、溫度、重力等因素影響,會產(chǎn)生一定的面形變化,對望遠(yuǎn)鏡成像質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生影響,因此對主鏡面形進行實時控制十分有必要,通過校正風(fēng)力、溫度以及重力等因素對鏡面產(chǎn)生的影響,來將成像質(zhì)量提高。在大型地基望遠(yuǎn)鏡中,通過控制主動光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中的力促動器能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)主鏡面形的實時控制。近年來,主動光學(xué)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為大型地基望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)中的重要技術(shù)之一,它屬于自動控制、精密機械、計算機和光學(xué)的交叉領(lǐng)域。它的原理是通過波前傳感器對鏡面的面形失真進行檢測,并據(jù)此計算出要施加的校正力和它的坐標(biāo),然后將需要的校正力值經(jīng)過總線傳遞給對應(yīng)的力促動器,從而控制力促動器施加壓力或拉力,實現(xiàn)主動調(diào)整支撐力,達(dá)到控制面形的目的。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容是力促動器控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計。論文主要分為4個部分:第一部分先對力促動器的工作原理和機械結(jié)構(gòu)進行了介紹,并在這個基礎(chǔ)上進行了力促動器控制系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計,給出了系統(tǒng)預(yù)期可以達(dá)到的指標(biāo)參數(shù)。第二部分對控制系統(tǒng)需要的部分硬件電路進行了設(shè)計,包括系統(tǒng)電源電路、力信號采集電路、電機驅(qū)動電路以及力促動器控制電路,搭建了系統(tǒng)實驗平臺。第三部分先對閉環(huán)控制策略在力促動器控制系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點進行了分析,完成了帶死區(qū)的變速積分PID控制器的設(shè)計。然后,對力促動器控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計方法進行了介紹,并完成了詳細(xì)的程序流程圖設(shè)計。第四部分對力促動器控制系統(tǒng)完成了性能測試,并進行了實驗結(jié)果分析,包括力促動器控制實驗、力采集電路轉(zhuǎn)換精度測試和標(biāo)定、力促動器性能測試。從實驗結(jié)果可以看出,系統(tǒng)可以按照預(yù)期方式進行工作,可以達(dá)到主鏡面形校正力的精度要求,并且擁有較好的響應(yīng)性能,具備一定程度的工程實用價值。
[Abstract]:Telescope is an important tool for astronomical observation. The larger the aperture, the stronger the ability of collecting light and the higher the resolution. With the increase of aperture, the primary mirror will be affected by wind, temperature, gravity and other factors, which will produce certain changes in plane shape, which will affect the imaging quality of the telescope. Therefore, it is necessary to control the main mirror shape in real time. Factors such as temperature and gravity influence the mirror surface to improve the imaging quality. In large ground-based telescopes, the real time control of the main mirror can be realized by controlling the force actuators in the active optical system. In recent years, active optics has become one of the most important technologies in large ground-based telescope systems. It belongs to the intersection fields of automatic control, precision machinery, computer and optics. Its principle is to detect the surface distortion of the mirror through the wavefront sensor, and calculate the correction force and its coordinates based on it, and then pass the required correction force value to the corresponding force actuator through the bus. Thus, the force actuator exerts pressure or tension to realize the active adjustment of the supporting force and achieve the purpose of controlling the shape of the plane. The main content of this paper is the hardware and software design of the force actuator control system. The paper is divided into four parts: in the first part, the working principle and mechanical structure of the force actuator are introduced, and the control system scheme of the force actuator is designed, and the expected parameters of the system are given. In the second part, the hardware circuit of the control system is designed, including the system power circuit, the force signal acquisition circuit, the motor driving circuit and the force actuator control circuit, and the system experimental platform is built. In the third part, the advantages and disadvantages of the closed-loop control strategy in the force actuator control system are analyzed, and the design of the variable speed integral PID controller with dead-time is completed. Then, the software design method of force actuator control system is introduced, and the detailed program flow chart is completed. In the fourth part, the performance test of the force actuator control system is completed, and the experimental results are analyzed, including the force actuator control experiment, the force acquisition circuit conversion precision test and calibration, and the force actuator performance test. It can be seen from the experimental results that the system can work according to the expected mode, can meet the precision requirements of the correction force of the main mirror shape, and has better response performance and engineering practical value to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP273

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本文編號：2340517