【摘要】：高空氣象觀測主要觀測大氣層中從地面至3萬米高度間不同高度上的溫度、濕度、氣壓、風(fēng)速等氣象數(shù)據(jù)。氣壓作為高空氣象探測的基本要素之一,其準(zhǔn)確性直接影響到氣候系統(tǒng)分析和預(yù)報結(jié)果。對于高空探測氣壓傳感器,其特點(diǎn)是測量量程寬,需要滿足常壓到極低壓(1OhPa)的測量。本文設(shè)計了一種基于皮拉尼效應(yīng)的兩級量程壓力傳感器,其中,針對10hPa～300hPa壓力測量,設(shè)計了基于皮拉尼效應(yīng)的低量程壓力傳感器,為提高測量精度,提出了將加熱元件和測溫元件分開并映射一個參考腔的雙腔體結(jié)構(gòu)探頭設(shè)計方案,利用CFD計算流體動力學(xué)方法對該傳感器探頭進(jìn)行了流-固耦合傳熱分析。本文選用32位低功耗ARM處理器STM32F103作為主控芯片,PT100作為溫度測量傳感器,配合高精度模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器AD77944和恒功率加熱控制電路等組件,實現(xiàn)高精度測量。針對300hPa～1100hPa壓力測量,采用4個高精度數(shù)字氣壓傳感器BMP180構(gòu)成測量陣列,減小因傳感器蠕變導(dǎo)致的系統(tǒng)誤差,提高了對常氣壓探測的容錯性和互補(bǔ)性。軟件算法補(bǔ)償方面,本文采用遺傳算法實現(xiàn)對低量程壓力傳感器在-20℃～40℃范圍內(nèi)的溫度補(bǔ)償修正。為便于數(shù)據(jù)采集,本文開發(fā)了基于C#的配套上位機(jī)軟件。實驗結(jié)果表明,在1OhPa～300hPa測量范圍內(nèi),該傳感器讀數(shù)精度優(yōu)于10%,分辨率為0.1hpa。
[Abstract]:High-altitude meteorological observations mainly observe the temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and other meteorological data in the atmosphere at different altitudes from the ground to 30,000 meters. As one of the basic elements of high-altitude meteorological detection, the accuracy of atmospheric pressure directly affects the analysis and forecast results of climate system. For the high-altitude pressure sensor, it is characterized by a wide measuring range, which needs to meet the atmospheric pressure to very low pressure (1OhPa) measurement. In this paper, a two-stage pressure sensor based on Pilani effect is designed. For 10hPa~300hPa pressure measurement, a low range pressure sensor based on Pilani effect is designed. This paper presents a design scheme of a dual-cavity probe which separates the heating element from the thermometer element and maps a reference cavity. The fluid-solid coupling heat transfer analysis of the probe is carried out by using the CFD computational fluid dynamics method. In this paper, a 32-bit low-power ARM processor, STM32F103, is chosen as the main control chip for temperature measurement, and a high precision measurement is realized with the combination of high-precision analog-to-digital converter (AD77944) and constant power heating control circuit. For 300hPa~1100hPa pressure measurement, four high precision digital pressure sensors (BMP180) are used to form the measurement array, which reduces the systematic error caused by the creep of the sensor, and improves the fault tolerance and complementarity of the atmospheric pressure detection. In the aspect of software algorithm compensation, this paper uses genetic algorithm to realize the temperature compensation correction of low range pressure sensor in the range of -20 鈩，

本文編號：2211846