【摘要】：輸電線路微風(fēng)振動(dòng)的發(fā)生會(huì)造成輸電線和電力金具的損壞,對(duì)電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定和可靠運(yùn)行造成嚴(yán)重影響。近年來隨著人們用電需求量的增大,輸電線的輸送容量和輸送距離都有所增加,再加上懸掛點(diǎn)高度的增加,使微風(fēng)振動(dòng)發(fā)生的概率大大增加。輸電線路微風(fēng)振動(dòng)的隱蔽性很強(qiáng),而且微風(fēng)振動(dòng)對(duì)架空線的破壞是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累的過程,不可能通過直接觀察的方式來衡量其破壞程度。如何準(zhǔn)確實(shí)時(shí)地監(jiān)測(cè)架空輸電線路的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)至關(guān)重要,目前國(guó)內(nèi)通用的方法一般是采取位移傳感器來監(jiān)測(cè)微風(fēng)振動(dòng),但存在抗電磁干擾能力弱及不易測(cè)量到小幅振動(dòng)的問題。電力部門迫切需要一種能夠有效避免電磁干擾、安裝簡(jiǎn)易、測(cè)量精度高的微風(fēng)振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備。本文基于對(duì)微風(fēng)振動(dòng)在線監(jiān)測(cè)國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀的了解,研究了微風(fēng)振動(dòng)的形成原因、主要影響因素及其測(cè)量原理和方法,著重介紹了導(dǎo)線振動(dòng)的動(dòng)彎應(yīng)變計(jì)算。同時(shí)對(duì)微風(fēng)振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)處理方法進(jìn)行了研究,介紹了最小二乘法、快速傅里葉變換法和基于小波降噪的FFT三種處理方法并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,為測(cè)量精度的提高做好理論準(zhǔn)備。文中簡(jiǎn)要描述了微風(fēng)振動(dòng)在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的整體架構(gòu),并設(shè)計(jì)了一套振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)單元,其通過加速度傳感器采集振動(dòng)加速度信息,并通過2.4G無線通信模塊與監(jiān)測(cè)子站通信,保證了信息傳輸?shù)姆�(wěn)定性。另外為了使振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)單元能在惡劣的環(huán)境下不斷電工作,本設(shè)計(jì)增加了電源保護(hù)電路。結(jié)構(gòu)上采用全封閉鋁制外殼實(shí)現(xiàn)等電位工作,避免了傳感器與導(dǎo)線直接接觸,可避免線上高電壓進(jìn)入到線路板。在軟件設(shè)計(jì)方面,為提高其信息處理準(zhǔn)確度,采用小波變換法對(duì)振動(dòng)信號(hào)去噪,再通過快速傅里葉變換進(jìn)行頻譜分析,進(jìn)而計(jì)算出導(dǎo)線的動(dòng)彎應(yīng)變。無線通信模塊的軟件設(shè)計(jì)保證振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)單元能夠和監(jiān)測(cè)子站實(shí)時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確通信。本文利用振動(dòng)臺(tái)對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)單元進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),測(cè)試所設(shè)計(jì)裝置的精確度以及穩(wěn)定性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)可靠,其中時(shí)域幅值和頻率誤差均小于3%。
[Abstract]:The wind vibration of transmission lines will cause damage to transmission lines and power fittings, which will seriously affect the stable and reliable operation of the power grid. In recent years, with the increasing demand for electricity, the transmission capacity and distance of transmission lines have been increased, and the height of suspension points has increased, which greatly increases the probability of wind vibration. The transmission line has strong concealment of the breeze vibration, and the destruction of the overhead line caused by the breeze vibration is a long-term accumulation process. It is impossible to measure the damage degree by the way of direct observation. How to accurately and real-time monitor the moving state of overhead transmission lines is very important. At present, the common method in China is to use displacement sensors to monitor the vibration of the breeze, but there are some problems such as weak ability of resisting electromagnetic interference and difficulty in measuring small vibration. The electric power department urgently needs a kind of wind vibration monitoring equipment which can effectively avoid electromagnetic interference, install easily and measure accurately. Based on the current situation of on-line monitoring of wind vibration at home and abroad, this paper studies the causes of wind vibration, the main influencing factors and its measuring principle and method, and emphatically introduces the calculation of dynamic bending strain of conductor vibration. At the same time, the data processing method of wind vibration monitoring is studied, and three processing methods, least square method, fast Fourier transform method and FFT method based on wavelet noise reduction, are introduced and compared and analyzed, so as to prepare the theory for the improvement of measurement accuracy. This paper briefly describes the whole structure of the on-line monitoring system of the breeze vibration, and designs a set of vibration monitoring unit, which collects the vibration acceleration information through the acceleration sensor and communicates with the monitoring sub-station through the 2.4G wireless communication module. The stability of information transmission is guaranteed. In addition, in order to make the vibration monitoring unit work without power off in the bad environment, the power supply protection circuit is added in this design. In the structure, the fully enclosed aluminum shell is used to realize the equipotential operation, which avoids the direct contact between the sensor and the wire, and prevents the high voltage on the line from entering the circuit board. In the aspect of software design, in order to improve the accuracy of information processing, the vibration signal is de-noised by wavelet transform, and the frequency spectrum is analyzed by fast Fourier transform, and the dynamic bending strain of conductor is calculated. The software design of the wireless communication module ensures that the vibration monitoring unit can communicate with the monitoring substation in real time and accurately. In this paper, the designed vibration monitoring unit is tested by using the vibration table, and the accuracy and stability of the designed unit are tested. The experimental results show that the measured data are reliable and the time-domain amplitude and frequency errors are less than 3.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM75;TP274

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本文編號(hào)：2197875