基于RS485的多點傳感器采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 22:42
【摘要】：在目前的工業(yè)現(xiàn)場控制、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、石油勘探、多點遠距離監(jiān)控等領(lǐng)域中,常采用RS485總線通信方式,這主要是因為RS485總線通信具有電路設(shè)計簡單、可靠性高、抗干擾能力強、通信速度快及支持多點遠離等特點。其次是總線通信控制芯片價格便宜,因此能極大地節(jié)約系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計成本,所以其廣泛地應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)生活中智能監(jiān)測控制的各個領(lǐng)域。本文是基于RS485總線來實現(xiàn)多點傳感器數(shù)據(jù)的采集。首先從系統(tǒng)整體結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā),從理論上分析確定系統(tǒng)所需功能指標,然后根據(jù)指標要求設(shè)計系統(tǒng)硬件電路和軟件。本論文主要工作包括:(1)建立RS485總線在4種應(yīng)用中電纜傳輸?shù)刃щ娐纺Ｐ?測試3種485芯片其傳輸距離、通信速度和帶負載能力三者之間的關(guān)系,根據(jù)測試結(jié)果選定芯片型號;(2)理論上分析傳輸線的反射過程,改進了電路結(jié)構(gòu)模型,仿真驗證了RS485總線通信中匹配電阻對降低信號反射的作用;(3)設(shè)計了主從機硬件電路模塊,其中主機電路由中央控制芯片、USB控制電路、RS485接口電路構(gòu)成,從機電路由中央控制芯片、RS485接口電路、環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)采集電路、圖像獲取電路等組成。軟件設(shè)計主要包括:上位機軟件、RS485通信程序、USB驅(qū)動程序、傳感器控制程序等部分。系統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計完成后,首先對軟件中所采用的CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check)校驗碼計算方法進行時間復(fù)雜度實驗,并與其它兩種方法做對比,根據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果說明該方法的優(yōu)點及前期選用依據(jù)。然后對系統(tǒng)各模塊進行功能調(diào)試,最后進行系統(tǒng)聯(lián)調(diào)實驗。實驗測試得到系統(tǒng)基本達到了預(yù)設(shè)的功能指標。本文的設(shè)計使用上位機管理軟件配合硬件系統(tǒng),可廣泛地應(yīng)用于辦公大樓、學(xué)生宿舍、智能生活小區(qū)、醫(yī)院等人員出入的地方,整個系統(tǒng)可靠性高、操作簡單、使用方便、可擴展性強,具有實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:At present, RS485 bus communication mode is often used in industrial field control, Internet of things, petroleum exploration, multi-point remote monitoring and so on. This is mainly because RS485 bus communication has simple circuit design, high reliability, strong anti-interference ability, etc. Communication speed and support for multi-point distance and other characteristics. Secondly, the bus communication control chip is cheap, so it can greatly save the design cost of the system, so it is widely used in various fields of intelligent monitoring and control in production and life. This paper is based on RS485 bus to achieve multi-sensor data acquisition. Starting from the whole structure of the system, this paper analyzes and determines the required function index of the system theoretically, and then designs the hardware circuit and software according to the requirement of the system. The main work of this thesis is as follows: (1) the equivalent circuit model of cable transmission based on RS485 bus in four kinds of applications is established, and the relationships among the transmission distance, communication speed and load capacity of three kinds of 485 chips are tested. According to the test results, the chip model is selected; (2) the reflection process of transmission line is analyzed theoretically, the circuit structure model is improved, and the effect of matching resistor on reducing signal reflection in RS485 bus communication is verified by simulation. (3) the hardware circuit module of master and slave computer is designed. The host circuit is composed of RS485 interface circuit, RS485 interface circuit, environment data acquisition circuit, image acquisition circuit and so on. The software design includes: PC software RS485 communication program USB driver, sensor control program and so on. After the software and hardware design of the system is finished, the time complexity experiment of CRC (cyclic redundancy check) check code calculation method used in the software is carried out, and compared with the other two methods. According to the experimental data, the advantages of the method and the basis of its early selection are illustrated. Then every module of the system is debugged, and finally the system adjustment experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the system basically reaches the pre-set function index. The design of this paper uses the upper computer management software to cooperate with the hardware system, which can be widely used in office buildings, student dormitories, intelligent living quarters, hospitals, etc. The whole system has high reliability, simple operation and convenient use. It has strong expansibility and practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212
[Abstract]:At present, RS485 bus communication mode is often used in industrial field control, Internet of things, petroleum exploration, multi-point remote monitoring and so on. This is mainly because RS485 bus communication has simple circuit design, high reliability, strong anti-interference ability, etc. Communication speed and support for multi-point distance and other characteristics. Secondly, the bus communication control chip is cheap, so it can greatly save the design cost of the system, so it is widely used in various fields of intelligent monitoring and control in production and life. This paper is based on RS485 bus to achieve multi-sensor data acquisition. Starting from the whole structure of the system, this paper analyzes and determines the required function index of the system theoretically, and then designs the hardware circuit and software according to the requirement of the system. The main work of this thesis is as follows: (1) the equivalent circuit model of cable transmission based on RS485 bus in four kinds of applications is established, and the relationships among the transmission distance, communication speed and load capacity of three kinds of 485 chips are tested. According to the test results, the chip model is selected; (2) the reflection process of transmission line is analyzed theoretically, the circuit structure model is improved, and the effect of matching resistor on reducing signal reflection in RS485 bus communication is verified by simulation. (3) the hardware circuit module of master and slave computer is designed. The host circuit is composed of RS485 interface circuit, RS485 interface circuit, environment data acquisition circuit, image acquisition circuit and so on. The software design includes: PC software RS485 communication program USB driver, sensor control program and so on. After the software and hardware design of the system is finished, the time complexity experiment of CRC (cyclic redundancy check) check code calculation method used in the software is carried out, and compared with the other two methods. According to the experimental data, the advantages of the method and the basis of its early selection are illustrated. Then every module of the system is debugged, and finally the system adjustment experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the system basically reaches the pre-set function index. The design of this paper uses the upper computer management software to cooperate with the hardware system, which can be widely used in office buildings, student dormitories, intelligent living quarters, hospitals, etc. The whole system has high reliability, simple operation and convenient use. It has strong expansibility and practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212
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