本文選題：過熱汽溫 + 狀態(tài)觀測器��； 參考：《華北電力大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當今火電機組控制領域,過熱蒸汽溫度(簡稱過熱汽溫,或者主汽溫)是鍋爐的重要參數(shù)之一,其控制要求十分嚴格。但該系統(tǒng)具有大遲延、大慣性、參數(shù)時變等特性,并且隨著裝機容量的不斷增大,過熱器的管道也在不斷加長,皆導致了熱慣性和調節(jié)滯后性的大大增加,使得被控系統(tǒng)復雜程度和控制難度都相應增大。尤其大型機組的運行參數(shù)值與其金屬材料可承受的極限值之間的余地越來越小,使得維持蒸汽參數(shù)的穩(wěn)定尤為重要,是機組安全、穩(wěn)定、經濟運行的重要保證。大多數(shù)大型機組的汽溫控制系統(tǒng)仍選用經典PID串級控制方式,基于輸出反饋校正的原理,對于大遲延對象的調節(jié)不夠及時,往往會造成很大的超調量,而且固定參數(shù)的控制器在多變的生產環(huán)境中,控制效果也不夠理想�？紤]到過熱汽溫控制對象復雜的特性,本文將兩種基于觀測器的狀態(tài)反饋控制方案應用于過熱汽溫控制系統(tǒng)中:(1)帶有誤差積分反饋的觀測器-狀態(tài)反饋控制:針對被控對象數(shù)學模型構造不同階次的狀態(tài)觀測器,并基于觀測器獲得的狀態(tài)信息構成狀態(tài)反饋控制,使被控對象的動態(tài)特性得到改善,然后引入誤差的積分反饋作用,消除穩(wěn)態(tài)偏差。仿真研究表明,將帶有誤差積分反饋的觀測器-狀態(tài)反饋控制方案應用到過熱汽溫控制系統(tǒng)中,具有較好的控制品質和較強的魯棒性,且當構造觀測器的階次與被控對象階次相等時控制效果最好。(2)基于增量式函數(shù)觀測器(IFO-KΔx)的狀態(tài)反饋控制:將基于增量式函數(shù)觀測器的狀態(tài)反饋控制與PID控制相結合,使得被控對象的大滯后特性得到了改善,同時又保留了PID控制魯棒性強的優(yōu)點。仿真研究表明:將該方案應用于過熱汽溫控制系統(tǒng)時,具有較強的抗干擾性和魯棒性,且驗證了在選擇同樣的觀測器參數(shù)條件下,增量式函數(shù)觀測器的魯棒性要優(yōu)于全維狀態(tài)觀測器。
[Abstract]:In the field of thermal power unit control, superheated steam temperature (or main steam temperature) is one of the important parameters of boiler, and its control requirements are very strict. However, the system has the characteristics of large delay, large inertia and time-varying parameters, and with the increasing of installed capacity, the pipeline of superheater is also lengthening, which leads to the increase of thermal inertia and adjustment lag. The complexity of the controlled system and the difficulty of control are increased accordingly. Especially, there is less and less room between the operating parameter value of large unit and the limit value of metal material, so it is very important to maintain the stability of steam parameter, which is an important guarantee for the safe, stable and economical operation of the unit. The classical pid cascade control method is still used in most steam temperature control systems of large scale generating units. Based on the principle of output feedback correction, the adjustment of large delay objects is not timely enough, which often results in a very large overshoot. Moreover, the control effect of the controller with fixed parameters is not ideal in the changeable production environment. Considering the complex characteristics of superheated steam temperature control objects, In this paper, two state feedback control schemes based on observer are applied to superheated steam temperature control system. (1) Observer with error integral feedback is used to construct different order state observer for mathematical model of controlled object. The state feedback control is formed based on the state information obtained by the observer, which improves the dynamic characteristics of the plant under control, and then introduces the integral feedback of the error to eliminate the steady-state deviation. The simulation results show that the application of observer-state feedback control scheme with error integral feedback to superheated steam temperature control system has good control quality and strong robustness. When the order of the observer is equal to the order of the controlled object, the control effect is the best. (2) the state feedback control based on the incremental function observer (IFO-K 螖 x): the state feedback control based on the incremental function observer is combined with the pid control. The large delay characteristic of the controlled object is improved, while the robustness of pid control is preserved. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has strong anti-interference and robustness when applied to superheated steam temperature control system, and verifies that under the same observer parameters, the proposed scheme can be applied to the superheated steam temperature control system. The robustness of the incremental function observer is better than that of the full order state observer.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP273;TM621

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