本文選題：可移動節(jié)點 + 隨機路點模型��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著信息技術(shù)不斷的發(fā)展,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在智能家居,交通管理,公共安全等方面都有較為廣泛的應(yīng)用。但由于無線傳感器的能量有限,如何提高傳感器的能量利用率,延長WSN的存活時間成為了學(xué)術(shù)界日益關(guān)注的一個課題。分簇路由協(xié)議以其在節(jié)能和提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性方面良好的性能而聞名,其中包括降低通信延遲與避免沖突和擁塞。典型的分簇路由協(xié)議如LEACH,它具有平衡傳感器節(jié)點能耗、延長傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的優(yōu)點。因為LEACH協(xié)議的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型中假定所有的傳感器節(jié)點都是靜態(tài)的且所處位置已知,所以LEACH協(xié)議并不適用于含動態(tài)節(jié)點的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。本文將能量和數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸率作為重要指標(biāo),探索更適合可移動節(jié)點的分簇路由協(xié)議。首先對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和節(jié)點組成進行詳細(xì)地介紹,包括無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本特征和路由協(xié)議的研究情況。其次,針對LEACH協(xié)議以及改進類LEACH協(xié)議的不足,做了兩個方面的改進,并提出了LEACH-FLM算法。第一個方面:常用的移動模型為隨機路點模型,但隨機路點模型缺乏對實際每個移動節(jié)點多樣性的考慮,即一維的速度不能準(zhǔn)確地模擬傳感器節(jié)點的移動特性。為了彌補上述的缺陷,本文提出一種基于隨機路點模型演變而來的移動模型,它采用三個不同維度的速度代替隨機路點模型一維的速度。第二方面:對比LEACH協(xié)議在簇頭選擇階段采用隨機概率和改進協(xié)議中只考慮距離、能量、穩(wěn)定的單個因素,該協(xié)議利用模糊邏輯算法將距離、能量、穩(wěn)定性皆納入考慮范圍。本文采用MATLAB進行仿真,并設(shè)立了5個對比組,分別是應(yīng)用于靜態(tài)節(jié)點的LEACH協(xié)議、應(yīng)用于動態(tài)節(jié)點的LEACH協(xié)議、基于傳感器節(jié)點到基站距離的LEACH協(xié)議、基于傳感器節(jié)點剩余能量的LEACH協(xié)議、基于傳感器節(jié)點穩(wěn)定性的LEACH協(xié)議。仿真結(jié)果表明LEACH-FLM比對其它5個不同的LEACH協(xié)議在死亡節(jié)點的數(shù)量、剩余能量的總和、成功到達基站的分?jǐn)?shù)總和三個方面,都具有優(yōu)秀的性能表現(xiàn),特別是在節(jié)約傳感器節(jié)點能量和提高數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸率方面。
[Abstract]:With the development of information technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used in smart home, traffic management, public safety and so on. However, due to the limited energy of the wireless sensor, how to improve the energy efficiency of the sensor and prolong the survival time of the WSN has become a growing concern of the academic community. Cluster routing protocols are well known for their good performance in energy saving and improving network reliability, including reducing communication delays and avoiding conflicts and congestion. A typical cluster routing protocol, such as Leech, has the advantages of balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes and prolonging the lifetime of sensor networks. Because the network model of LEACH protocol assumes that all sensor nodes are static and the location is known, LEACH protocol is not suitable for wireless sensor networks with dynamic nodes. In this paper, energy and packet transmission rate are taken as important indicators to explore a cluster routing protocol that is more suitable for mobile nodes. Firstly, the architecture and node composition of wireless sensor networks are introduced in detail, including the basic characteristics of wireless sensor networks and the research of routing protocols. Secondly, aiming at the deficiency of LEACH protocol and improved LEACH protocol, two improvements are made, and the LEACH-FLM algorithm is proposed. The first aspect: the commonly used moving model is the random path point model, but the random path point model lacks the consideration of the diversity of the actual mobile nodes, that is, the one-dimensional velocity can not accurately simulate the mobility characteristics of the sensor nodes. In order to make up for the above defects, this paper proposes a moving model based on random path point model, which uses three different dimensions of velocity to replace the one-dimensional velocity of random path point model. The second aspect: comparing the random probability of the LEACH protocol in the cluster head selection phase and considering only the single factor of distance, energy and stability in the improved protocol, the protocol uses fuzzy logic algorithm to take the distance, energy and stability into account. In this paper, MATLAB is used to simulate, and five comparison groups are set up, which are LEACH protocol applied to static node, LEACH protocol applied to dynamic node, and LEACH protocol based on the distance between sensor node and base station. LEACH protocol based on residual energy of sensor node and LEACH protocol based on sensor node stability. The simulation results show that LEACH-FLM has excellent performance in three aspects: the number of dead nodes, the sum of residual energy, and the sum of scores of successful arrival at the base station, compared with the other five different LEACH protocols. Especially in saving the energy of sensor nodes and improving the transmission rate of data packets.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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