本文選題：少稀土電機 + 氣隙磁場畸變��； 參考：《江蘇大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：稀土永磁無刷電機雖因具有能量密度大,調速范圍寬,結構簡單等特點而被廣泛應用于汽車傳動領域,但在當前稀土價格不斷上漲的背景下,其制作成本已成為不能忽視的問題。本文所研究的少稀土輪輻式組合永磁型同步電機(Hybrid Permanent Magnet Motor,HPMM),其勵磁源使用價格便宜的鐵氧體非稀土永磁材料替代部分釹鐵硼稀土永磁材料,并通過設計輪輻狀轉子結構來彌補鐵氧體永磁部分因矯頑力較低所帶來的電磁性能不足,從而在減少稀土材料使用量的基礎上,獲得不弱于稀土永磁無刷電機的性能,可減少電機制作成本。但HPMM主要受組合勵磁方式、轉子結構復雜和電機加工工藝等因素的影響,氣隙磁場出現(xiàn)畸變,再加上逆變器非線性、電感波動等因素的影響,在傳統(tǒng)控制下運行時,繞組相電流中存在大量諧波,導致電機出現(xiàn)溫度過熱、效率降低等問題。因此,為驗證HPMM實際性能,實現(xiàn)HPMM穩(wěn)定高效運行,文章將重點對HPMM的控制系統(tǒng)進行研究,并對HPMM運行時的諧波電流進行分析與抑制。首先針對HPMM的研究背景及結構特點進行介紹,闡述了HPMM的運行原理。然后基于轉子磁場定向控制算法設計HPMM控制系統(tǒng)。轉速環(huán)采用復合PI控制器,可有效解決傳統(tǒng)轉速環(huán)PI控制器參數(shù)難整定的問題;電流環(huán)采用反電勢補償PI控制器,可消除轉速變化時反電勢對系統(tǒng)的影響,提高控制系統(tǒng)性能,最后通過仿真與實驗對HPMM及所設計控制系統(tǒng)的性能分別進行驗證。針對HPMM實際運行時出現(xiàn)的相電流畸變現(xiàn)象,分別從電機本體參數(shù)不理想和逆變器非線性兩個方面詳細解釋諧波電流的主要成因。根據(jù)HPMM實際相電流中的諧波成分,建立d-q軸系下的諧波電流數(shù)學模型。并對PI控制器無法完全消除d-q軸電流波動的原因進行分析與驗證。為消除諧波電流,文章采用電流環(huán)PI控制器并聯(lián)諧振調節(jié)器的方法,在電流環(huán)構成比例積分諧振器,來消除d-q軸電流的波動,從而實現(xiàn)對三相諧波電流的統(tǒng)一抑制。最后分別在仿真與實驗中對所用諧波電流抑制算法的有效性進行驗證。仿真與實驗結果表明:HPMM能夠在本文設計的控制系統(tǒng)下獲得理想的動態(tài)性能,但穩(wěn)態(tài)時相電流畸變也很明顯。將比例積分諧振器應用到HPMM控制系統(tǒng)中,能有效抑制相電流中的諧波電流,實現(xiàn)電機穩(wěn)定高效運行。本文所設計的控制系統(tǒng)能較好地體現(xiàn)HPMM性能,所用比例積分諧振控制器結構簡單,諧波電流抑制效果明顯,且只需在軟件中實現(xiàn),無需增加硬件電路,為以后針對電機諧波電流抑制方法的研究提供了借鑒。
[Abstract]:Although rare earth permanent magnet brushless motor is widely used in automobile transmission field because of its characteristics of high energy density, wide speed range and simple structure, but under the background of the rising price of rare earth, Its production cost has become a problem that can not be ignored. In this paper, the hybrid Permanent Magnet motor and HPMM are studied. The excitation source uses cheap ferrite non-rare earth permanent magnetic materials to replace some NdFeB rare earth permanent magnetic materials. The structure of the wheel spoke rotor is designed to make up for the lack of electromagnetic performance caused by the low coercivity of the ferrite permanent magnet, so that the performance of the permanent magnet brushless motor is not weaker than that of the rare earth permanent magnet brushless motor on the basis of reducing the use of rare earth materials. Can reduce the cost of motor production. However, the HPMM is mainly affected by the combined excitation mode, the complex rotor structure and the machining process of the motor, the distortion of the air gap magnetic field, the nonlinear of the inverter, the fluctuation of the inductance, and so on. There are a lot of harmonics in the winding phase current, which causes the motor to overheat and reduce the efficiency. Therefore, in order to verify the actual performance of HPMM and realize the stable and efficient operation of HPMM, the control system of HPMM will be studied in this paper, and the harmonic current of HPMM will be analyzed and suppressed. Firstly, the research background and structure characteristics of HPMM are introduced, and the operation principle of HPMM is expounded. Then the HPMM control system is designed based on the rotor flux oriented control algorithm. Using compound Pi controller in rotational speed loop can effectively solve the problem that the parameters of Pi controller of traditional rotational speed ring are difficult to adjust, and Pi controller with reverse EMF compensation in current loop can eliminate the influence of reverse EMF on system when speed changes, and improve the performance of control system. Finally, the performance of HPMM and the designed control system are verified by simulation and experiment. In view of the phase current distortion in HPMM, the main causes of harmonic current are explained in detail from two aspects: the motor body parameter is not ideal and the inverter is nonlinear. According to the harmonic components in the actual phase current of HPMM, the mathematical model of harmonic current in d-q shafting is established. The reason why Pi controller can not completely eliminate the current fluctuation of d-q axis is analyzed and verified. In order to eliminate the harmonic current, a proportional integral resonator is formed in the current loop by using the Pi controller of the current loop to parallel the resonant regulator to eliminate the fluctuation of d-q axis current, thus realizing the unified suppression of the three-phase harmonic current. Finally, the effectiveness of the harmonic current suppression algorithm is verified in simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the control system designed in this paper can obtain ideal dynamic performance, but the phase current distortion is also obvious in steady state. The proportional integral resonator is applied to the HPMM control system, which can effectively suppress the harmonic current in the phase current and realize the stable and efficient operation of the motor. The control system designed in this paper can better reflect the performance of HPMM. The proportional integral resonant controller is simple in structure, the effect of harmonic current suppression is obvious, and it only needs to be realized in software without adding hardware circuit. It provides a reference for the research of harmonic current suppression method in the future.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341;TP273

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