發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-30 07:44

  本文選題：差分定位 + 差分協(xié)議�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從第一個(gè)GNSS系統(tǒng)(即GPS系統(tǒng))誕生以來,衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)就在科研和生產(chǎn)中扮演著重要的角色,精確的導(dǎo)航定位能力一直是其最本質(zhì)的要求,但是由于衛(wèi)星鐘差和多路徑干擾等因素的存在,直接使用衛(wèi)星信號(hào)會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的誤差。目前民用接收機(jī)的水平定位精度只能達(dá)到10米左右,這個(gè)定位精度可以滿足普通用戶的需求,但是無法滿足高精度應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的要求。為了滿足人們對(duì)高精度定位的需求,差分定位技術(shù)(DGPS)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,目前導(dǎo)航定位應(yīng)用研究主要集中在對(duì)DGPS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行傳輸和處理這兩方面上。本文以DGPS的數(shù)據(jù)作為研究對(duì)象,通過RTCM V3.2協(xié)議的數(shù)據(jù)格式分析了DGPS系統(tǒng)解算得到的數(shù)據(jù),然后對(duì)常見坐標(biāo)系進(jìn)行分析提出了一種適用于小范圍內(nèi)大地坐標(biāo)系和自建坐標(biāo)系間的轉(zhuǎn)換方法,最后,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于DGPS的三維坐標(biāo)測量記錄儀。該記錄儀適用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域,具有組建以工廠平面為水平面的空間直角坐標(biāo)系的能力,能夠進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)物體的三維坐標(biāo)測定。論文從實(shí)際需求和應(yīng)用出發(fā),將DGPS數(shù)據(jù)的采集處理和坐標(biāo)計(jì)算這兩方面作為研究重點(diǎn),明確了該記錄儀的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案,完成了基準(zhǔn)站與移動(dòng)站之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸鏈設(shè)計(jì),達(dá)到了三維坐標(biāo)計(jì)算以及測點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與信息反饋的目的。其中系統(tǒng)硬件部分由記錄儀硬件設(shè)計(jì)和基準(zhǔn)站的數(shù)傳電臺(tái)硬件設(shè)計(jì)組成;系統(tǒng)軟件部分包括記錄儀對(duì)DGPS數(shù)據(jù)的采集和預(yù)處理以及DGPS數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用過程中的坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換。最后,利用全站儀來標(biāo)定基于DGPS三維坐標(biāo)測量記錄儀的測量精度,測試結(jié)果表明該記錄儀可以達(dá)到水平±2cm垂直±3cm的精度。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用測試中,將該記錄儀在貴州清水河電廠進(jìn)行煤堆體積測試,能夠滿足現(xiàn)場測量工作的要求,達(dá)到了盤煤過程中記錄儀坐標(biāo)實(shí)時(shí)定位的目的。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the first GNSS system (GPS system), satellite positioning technology has played an important role in scientific research and production. However, due to the existence of satellite clock difference and multipath interference, the direct use of satellite signals will lead to large errors. At present, the horizontal positioning accuracy of civil receivers can only reach about 10 meters, which can meet the needs of ordinary users, but can not meet the requirements of high-precision applications. In order to meet the needs of high precision positioning, differential positioning technology (DGPS) emerges as the times require. At present, the research of navigation and positioning applications is mainly focused on the transmission and processing of DGPS data. This paper takes the data of DGPS as the research object, and analyzes the data obtained by DGPS system through the data format of RTCM V3.2 protocol. Then, a transformation method between geodetic coordinate system and self-built coordinate system is put forward. Finally, a 3D coordinate measuring recorder based on DGPS is designed. The recorder is suitable for industrial production. It has the ability to set up the spatial rectangular coordinate system with the factory plane as the horizontal plane, and can measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the objects in the coordinate system. Starting from the actual demand and application, this paper focuses on the acquisition and processing of DGPS data and coordinate calculation, defines the overall design scheme of the recorder, and completes the design of the data transmission chain between the reference station and the mobile station. The purpose of 3D coordinate calculation, data storage and information feedback is achieved. The hardware part of the system consists of the hardware design of the recorder and the hardware design of the data transmission station of the datum station, and the part of the system software includes the acquisition and preprocessing of the DGPS data by the recorder and the coordinate transformation in the application of the DGPS data. Finally, the measurement accuracy of the 3D coordinate measuring recorder based on DGPS is calibrated by using the total station instrument. The test results show that the recorder can achieve the accuracy of horizontal 鹵2cm vertical 鹵3cm. In the practical application test, the volume of coal pile can be measured in Qingshuihe Power Plant, Guizhou Province, which can meet the requirements of field measurement and achieve the purpose of real-time positioning of the recorder coordinates in the process of coal mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP274.2

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