本文選題：水文纜道　切入點(diǎn)：吊箱　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：利用纜道測流裝備進(jìn)行河流流量的測量是最廣泛而有效的一種測流技術(shù),目前我國水文站采用的纜道設(shè)備自動(dòng)化程度不高,包括測深、測速在內(nèi)的許多關(guān)鍵測流環(huán)節(jié)仍需人工參與,測流信號(hào)的采集與傳輸手段也較為落后,測流效率十分低下。針對(duì)以上問題,本文結(jié)合吊箱纜道與懸桿測流法的特點(diǎn),對(duì)纜道測流過程中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,研制開發(fā)了AFS型吊箱式纜道自動(dòng)化測流系統(tǒng)。全新設(shè)計(jì)的吊箱式測驗(yàn)平臺(tái)能完成所有測流步驟的自動(dòng)化銜接,控制室與測驗(yàn)平臺(tái)之間通過無線數(shù)傳模塊進(jìn)行通訊,實(shí)現(xiàn)了測驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上的無人化操作。測控系統(tǒng)由總控單元、起點(diǎn)距測控單元和測驗(yàn)平臺(tái)測控單元三部分組成,采用IPC-PLC二級(jí)主從控制結(jié)構(gòu),主站與從站之間采用Modbus協(xié)議進(jìn)行信息交換。控制室內(nèi)的總控IPC為主站設(shè)備,配以測流軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)一調(diào)度與人機(jī)交互;起點(diǎn)距PLC和測驗(yàn)平臺(tái)PLC既可以作為從站接收主站指令,也可作為獨(dú)立的控制單元,對(duì)纜道運(yùn)行設(shè)備和測流過程進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場控制,使系統(tǒng)具備了遠(yuǎn)程和現(xiàn)場雙重操作模式。通過電壓比較器LM339對(duì)流速儀信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理,甄別出水面信號(hào)與流速信號(hào);設(shè)計(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)臂式失重開關(guān)通過檢測懸吊索拉力可識(shí)別出水底信號(hào);流速儀信號(hào)經(jīng)硬件消抖、光耦隔離、軟件消抖后通過無線單片機(jī)CC1110發(fā)送至測驗(yàn)平臺(tái)PLC。水面信號(hào)和水底信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確判斷以及流速信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確采集與傳輸,使懸桿測深和轉(zhuǎn)子流速儀測速能夠自動(dòng)完成。系統(tǒng)的軟件和硬件在結(jié)構(gòu)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了模塊化,不僅采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的串行通訊接口,通過對(duì)IPC與兩臺(tái)PLC之間通訊協(xié)議的定義,還為子模塊間提供了軟件編程接口,系統(tǒng)配置靈活且通用性極強(qiáng)。整套纜道自動(dòng)化測流系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用改變了水文站原有的測流作業(yè)方式,不僅節(jié)省人力,提高了測流作業(yè)的安全性,更使測流效率得到極大改善,在各個(gè)水文站有著十分廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:It is the most widely and effective technique to measure the river flow by using the cableway flow measuring equipment. At present, the cableway equipment used in the hydrological station in our country is not high in automation, including sounding.Many key flow measurement links, including velocity measurement, still need manual participation, and the collection and transmission of current measurement signals are also relatively backward, and the efficiency of current measurement is very low.In view of the above problems, this paper studies the key technology in the process of cable flow measurement by combining the characteristics of hoisting cableway and suspension rod flow measurement method, and develops the automatic flow measurement system of AFS type hoisting cableway.The newly designed hanging box test platform can complete the automatic connection of all the flow measurement steps, and the communication between the control room and the test platform is carried out through wireless data transmission module, which realizes the unmanned operation on the test platform.The measurement and control system consists of three parts: the master control unit, the starting distance measurement and control unit and the measurement and control unit of the test platform. The IPC-PLC two-stage master-slave control structure is adopted, and the information exchange between the master station and the slave station is carried out by Modbus protocol.The central control IPC main station equipment in the control room is equipped with the flow measurement software to realize the unified dispatching and man-machine interaction of the whole system, the starting point distance PLC and the test platform PLC can be used as the slave station to receive the instruction of the master station as well as as the independent control unit.Field control of cable-running equipment and flow measurement process makes the system have the dual operation mode of remote and on-site.The signal of the current meter is processed by the voltage comparator LM339, and the surface signal and the velocity signal are identified. The designed rotary arm weightlessness switch can identify the underwater signal by detecting the suspension pull force, the signal of the current meter is removed by hardware, and the light coupling is isolated.The software is sent to the test platform by CC1110.The accurate judgement of water surface signal and underwater signal and the accurate collection and transmission of velocity signal can make the sounding of hanging rod and the velocity of rotor velocity meter to be completed automatically.The software and hardware of the system are modularized in structure. Not only the standard serial communication interface is adopted, but also the software programming interface is provided for the sub-modules by defining the communication protocol between IPC and two PLC.The system is flexible and versatile.The application of the whole cable-automatic flow measurement system has changed the original operation mode of hydrologic station, which not only saves manpower, improves the safety of the flow measurement operation, but also greatly improves the efficiency of flow measurement.It has a very broad application prospect in various hydrological stations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P332.4;TP274

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