本文選題：異步電機　切入點：矢量控制　出處：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：異步電機無速度傳感器矢量控制系統(tǒng)因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、造價低、維護和使用成本低、能適應惡劣條件等諸多優(yōu)點,被廣泛應用于各個領域。然而由于沒有速度傳感器反饋電機的實時轉(zhuǎn)速,因此只能通過矢量控制算法來實時觀測轉(zhuǎn)速。在諸多控制方法中,本文著重介紹了目前最常用的模型參考自適應法和全階觀測器法,但由于模型參考自適應法和傳統(tǒng)的全階觀測器法都存在一定的缺陷,因此本文在傳統(tǒng)全階觀測器方法的基礎上,通過改進轉(zhuǎn)速自適應律和反饋矩陣的設計來提高自適應全階觀測器在低速情況下的穩(wěn)定性。全文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.闡述了異步電機無速度傳感器矢量控制技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀,對各種控制方法的優(yōu)缺點進行了簡單介紹。2.列出了異步電機在三種坐標系下的動態(tài)數(shù)學模型,并推導了三種坐標系相互轉(zhuǎn)換的表達式;介紹了矢量控制原理并著重闡述了 SVPWM控制原理以及實現(xiàn)方法。3.研究了模型參考自適應法的基本原理、狀態(tài)方程以及轉(zhuǎn)速自適應律,并分析了其存在的缺陷;針對模型參考自適應法存在的不足,提出了全階觀測器模型,并對全階觀測器的構(gòu)造、反饋增益矩陣的設計以及轉(zhuǎn)速辨識的推導進行了介紹。4.由于傳統(tǒng)全階觀測器在低速狀態(tài)下存在不穩(wěn)定問題,分析了不穩(wěn)定原因,并對此提出了三點改進措施:(1)對定子電阻進行在線辨識;(2)得到改進的轉(zhuǎn)速自適應律;(3)設計合理的反饋增益矩陣。得到了改進型自適應全階觀測器模型。5.對傳統(tǒng)的全階觀測器模型和改進的自適應全階觀測器模型進行了仿真對比,得出改進的自適應全階觀測器能夠有效提高系統(tǒng)低速運行的穩(wěn)定性;并在30KW異步電機對拖實驗平臺上進行實驗,驗證了上述改進措施的有效性。
[Abstract]:The speed sensorless vector control system of asynchronous motor is widely used in various fields because of its simple structure, low cost, low maintenance and use cost, and can adapt to harsh conditions.However, because there is no speed sensor to feedback the real-time speed of the motor, the speed can only be measured by vector control algorithm.Among many control methods, this paper focuses on the most commonly used model reference adaptive method and full order observer method. However, the model reference adaptive method and the traditional full order observer method have some defects.Therefore, based on the traditional full-order observer method, the stability of the adaptive full-order observer at low speed is improved by improving the speed adaptive law and the design of feedback matrix.The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1: 1.This paper describes the research status of speed sensorless vector control technology for asynchronous motor, and introduces the advantages and disadvantages of various control methods.The dynamic mathematical models of asynchronous motor in three coordinate systems are listed, and the expressions of transformation between three coordinate systems are derived, and the principle of vector control is introduced, and the principle and realization method of SVPWM control are emphasized.The basic principle of model reference adaptive method, state equation and speed adaptive law are studied, and its defects are analyzed.The construction of full order observer, the design of feedback gain matrix and the derivation of speed identification are introduced.Due to the instability of traditional full-order observer at low speed, the reason of instability is analyzed.In this paper, a three-point improvement measure: (1) On-line identification of stator resistance is proposed. An improved rotational speed adaptive law is proposed. (3) A reasonable feedback gain matrix is designed.The improved adaptive full order observer model. 5.The traditional full-order observer model and the improved adaptive full-order observer model are simulated and compared. It is concluded that the improved adaptive full-order observer can effectively improve the stability of the system at low speed.Experiments were carried out on the 30KW asynchronous motor towing test platform to verify the effectiveness of the above improvement measures.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM343;TP212

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