本文選題：傳感器故障　切入點(diǎn)：故障診斷　出處：《江南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著電力電子技術(shù)、功率半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)以及現(xiàn)代控制理論的發(fā)展,感應(yīng)電機(jī)控制技術(shù)日益成熟,感應(yīng)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)以其價(jià)格低廉、控制簡單、使用方便、效率高、節(jié)能等特點(diǎn)被廣泛應(yīng)用。然而在不恰當(dāng)?shù)牟僮骰蛘咭馔馇闆r下仍然會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種故障,一旦發(fā)生故障,如不能及時(shí)診斷并處理會(huì)造成極大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,甚至人身傷害。另外,在一些特殊的應(yīng)用場合,當(dāng)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí),并不能立即停機(jī)維修,必須保持系統(tǒng)的連續(xù)運(yùn)行。因此,為了進(jìn)一步提高感應(yīng)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性,減小故障停機(jī)時(shí)間,降低故障帶來的損失,研究感應(yīng)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的故障診斷以及容錯(cuò)控制意義重大。論文針對感應(yīng)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)中電流和速度傳感器,進(jìn)行故障診斷及容錯(cuò)控制策略研究。闡述了故障診斷及容錯(cuò)控制的概念,介紹了傳感器的故障種類以及針對傳感器故障診斷和容錯(cuò)控制的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。詳細(xì)闡述了感應(yīng)電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型以及矢量控制原理,為設(shè)計(jì)故障診斷及容錯(cuò)控制策略奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。感應(yīng)電機(jī)是一個(gè)非線性、強(qiáng)耦合、多變量的高階系統(tǒng),考慮系統(tǒng)中的不確定性,采用多項(xiàng)式混沌理論設(shè)計(jì)電流狀態(tài)觀測器,基于該觀測器對電流傳感器進(jìn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對電流傳感器的故障診斷及系統(tǒng)的容錯(cuò)控制;再將該觀測器與李雅普諾夫原理結(jié)合,設(shè)計(jì)速度估計(jì)器,進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)對速度的估計(jì),以此實(shí)現(xiàn)對速度傳感器的故障監(jiān)測。通過MATLAB仿真驗(yàn)證了上述方法的有效性。同時(shí)也分析了在啟動(dòng)階段該方法對速度估計(jì)性能較差的原因。為提高速度估計(jì)精度,結(jié)合滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制和龍貝格觀測器,設(shè)計(jì)狀態(tài)觀測器,大大改進(jìn)了轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈的估計(jì)性能,從而提高了電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速估計(jì)精度,為速度傳感器的故障診斷及容錯(cuò)控制提供了有效的保障。相比傳統(tǒng)的滑模觀測器,該觀測器結(jié)構(gòu)更加簡單,計(jì)算觀測器增益的方法以及結(jié)合李雅普諾夫原理推導(dǎo)速度估計(jì)器的過程都更加簡便。MATLAB仿真驗(yàn)證了該方法。介紹了dSPACE實(shí)時(shí)仿真系統(tǒng)以及開發(fā)核心板卡DS5202 ACMC,基于該系統(tǒng)搭建了感應(yīng)電機(jī)傳感器故障診斷及容錯(cuò)控制策略驗(yàn)證平臺(tái),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了基于滑模狀態(tài)觀測器的容錯(cuò)控制方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronics technology, power semiconductor technology and modern control theory, the control technology of induction motor is becoming more and more mature. The control system of induction motor is cheap, simple, easy to use and high efficiency. Energy saving and other characteristics are widely used. However, in improper operation or accidents, there will still be various kinds of failures. Once failure occurs, such as failure to diagnose and deal with it in time will cause great economic loss, even personal injury. In some special applications, when the motor system fails, it is necessary to maintain the continuous operation of the system because it cannot be stopped immediately. Therefore, in order to further improve the reliability of the operation of the induction motor system and reduce the downtime of the fault, It is of great significance to study the fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of induction motor control system. The concepts of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control are introduced. This paper introduces the types of sensor faults and the research status of sensor fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control at home and abroad, and expounds the mathematical model of induction motor and the principle of vector control in detail. The induction motor is a nonlinear, strongly coupled, multivariable high order system. Considering the uncertainty of the system, the polynomial chaos theory is used to design the current state observer. The state of the current sensor is monitored based on the observer to realize fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of the current sensor, and the speed estimator is designed by combining the observer with Lyapunov principle. To further estimate the speed, In order to improve the accuracy of speed estimation, the effectiveness of the above method is verified by MATLAB simulation. The reasons for the poor performance of the method in the start-up stage are also analyzed. Combined with sliding mode variable structure control and Romberg observer, the state observer is designed to greatly improve the performance of rotor flux estimation and thus improve the accuracy of motor speed estimation. It provides an effective guarantee for fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of speed sensor. Compared with the traditional sliding mode observer, the structure of the observer is simpler. The method of calculating the gain of the observer and the derivation of the speed estimator based on Lyapunov principle are more convenient. MATLAB simulation proves this method. The dSPACE real-time simulation system and the development of the core card DS5202 ACMC are introduced, based on the system. The fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy verification platform of induction motor sensor is built. The experimental results further verify the feasibility of the fault-tolerant control method based on sliding mode state observer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM346;TP273

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