本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 室內(nèi)定位 DV-Hop　出處：《天津工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：以全球定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System,GPS)為代表的衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)盡管已能在室外開闊環(huán)境提供高精度的定位服務(wù),但在室內(nèi)、地下等封閉環(huán)境下,由于衛(wèi)星定位信號受到障礙物阻擋、多徑傳播等因素影響,難以有效定位。而無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)定位技術(shù)因其成本低,易實施,抗干擾性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點已經(jīng)成為大規(guī)模室內(nèi)公共場所定位的一個重要研究方向。由于它具有大規(guī)模、自組織、多種多樣的感知能力、強(qiáng)魯棒性和高容錯性等諸多優(yōu)點,被廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事、醫(yī)療、智能家居、工農(nóng)業(yè)、災(zāi)難管理等眾多領(lǐng)域。在幾乎所有的應(yīng)用場景中,定位技術(shù)都是最重要最不可或缺的技術(shù)之一。在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定位技術(shù)中,應(yīng)用比較多的是基于測距(Rang-based)的定位技術(shù)和基于非測距(Rang-free)的定位技術(shù)。基于測距的定位技術(shù)是需要直接測量出空間內(nèi)節(jié)點間的距離或角度信息,然后通過相關(guān)幾何算法來確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點的位置,因此定位精度比較高,但是對硬件的要求比較高;而基于非測距的定位技術(shù)相對來說比較簡單,無需測量節(jié)點之間的實際距離,成本比較低,因此它的發(fā)展十分迅速。本文主要對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)非測距定位算法中的DV-Hop定位算法進(jìn)行深入的研究和改進(jìn),其中主要的創(chuàng)新型工作包括:對大型公共場所的定位需求和經(jīng)典的非測距定位算法DV-Hop進(jìn)行深入研究與分析。通過對現(xiàn)有的大量相關(guān)DV-Hop改進(jìn)算法進(jìn)行總結(jié);提出一種基于固定信標(biāo)節(jié)點的非線性最小二乘優(yōu)化定位算法,即RHDV-Hop(Rectangular Hybrid DV-Hop)定位算法。新型算法針對DV-Hop定位算法的誤差來源,主要做出以下優(yōu)化與改進(jìn)..首先,將傳統(tǒng)的隨機(jī)拋撒節(jié)點這一布局方式改為將信標(biāo)節(jié)點固定在監(jiān)測區(qū)域外圍形成信標(biāo)節(jié)點環(huán);其次,根據(jù)信標(biāo)節(jié)點與未知節(jié)點的部署比例,即平均跳數(shù),進(jìn)行選取合適的平均每跳距離作為全局平均每跳距離進(jìn)行距離計算;最后,采用非線性最小二乘優(yōu)化算法Levenberg-Marquardt對未知節(jié)點坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化計算。通過實驗仿真表明,RHDV-Hop定位算法與原始算法相比,更加適合大型室內(nèi)公共場所,并且定位精度有明顯的提高。
[Abstract]:Satellite positioning technology, represented by Global Positioning system GPS (GPS), has been able to provide high precision positioning services in open outdoor environments. However, in indoor, underground and other closed environment, the satellite positioning signal is affected by obstacles, multipath propagation and other factors. It is difficult to locate effectively. However, the location technology of Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) in wireless sensor network is easy to implement because of its low cost. Strong anti-jamming has become an important research direction of large-scale indoor public location, because of its large-scale, self-organization, a variety of perception ability. Strong robustness and high fault tolerance are widely used in military, medical, smart home, industry and agriculture, disaster management and many other fields. In almost all application scenarios. Location technology is one of the most important and indispensable technologies. More applications are based on Rang-based location technology and Rang-free-based technology based on non-rangefinder. Location technology based on distance measurement is to directly measure the distance or angle information between nodes in the space. Then the location of the network nodes is determined by the correlation geometry algorithm, so the positioning accuracy is high, but the hardware requirement is high. However, the location technology based on non-ranging is relatively simple, does not need to measure the actual distance between nodes, and the cost is relatively low. Therefore, its development is very rapid. This paper mainly focuses on the research and improvement of DV-Hop localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks. Among the major innovative tasks are:. The location requirements of large public places and the classical non-ranging location algorithm DV-Hop are deeply studied and analyzed. A large number of existing improved DV-Hop algorithms are summarized. A nonlinear least square optimal location algorithm based on fixed beacon nodes is proposed. The new algorithm is aimed at the error source of the DV-Hop localization algorithm. Firstly, the traditional random scattered node layout is changed to the beacon node ring which is fixed on the periphery of the monitoring area. Secondly, according to the deployment ratio of beacon nodes to unknown nodes, that is, the average number of hops, the appropriate average distance per hop is chosen as the global average distance to calculate the distance. Finally, the nonlinear least square optimization algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) is used to optimize the coordinates of unknown nodes. Compared with the original algorithm, RHDV-Hop localization algorithm is more suitable for large indoor public places, and the positioning accuracy is obviously improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號：1493166