【摘要】：隨著口徑的增大和開放式結(jié)構(gòu)的采用,熱光闌和主鏡的主動(dòng)溫控技術(shù)成為了地基開放式太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。由于我國(guó)首臺(tái)大口徑開放式地基太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡——1.8米口徑中國(guó)大型太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡(Chinese Large Solar Telescope,CLST)研制項(xiàng)目的立項(xiàng),亟需針對(duì)大口徑地基太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡主動(dòng)溫控技術(shù)開展相關(guān)研究。本文圍繞地基開放式太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡主動(dòng)溫控技術(shù)和CLST主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)實(shí)施需求,開展了深入的理論和應(yīng)用研究。第一,對(duì)熱光闌內(nèi)部視寧度效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了理論研究,提出了一種內(nèi)部視寧度效應(yīng)定量計(jì)算方法。該方法首先基于計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論,獲得過熱熱光闌加熱后的空氣溫度場(chǎng);然后,利用相關(guān)公式將溫度場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化為折射率場(chǎng);最后,基于幾何光學(xué)理論,獲得光束經(jīng)過折射率場(chǎng)后形成的畸變波前,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)熱光闌內(nèi)部視寧度效應(yīng)的定量計(jì)算。本文將該方法應(yīng)用于CLST熱光闌內(nèi)部視寧度效應(yīng)定量計(jì)算,獲得了熱光闌溫升與望遠(yuǎn)鏡成像像質(zhì)間的定量關(guān)系,并給出了CLST熱光闌溫控指標(biāo)。第二,對(duì)熱光闌冷卻結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了理論研究,提出了一種基于射流冷卻原理的新型熱光闌冷卻結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方法。通過流固耦合仿真,證明該新型冷卻結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方法有效提升了熱光闌冷卻腔內(nèi)流固耦合面的換熱系數(shù),能夠顯著提高熱光闌的冷卻效率。第三,對(duì)太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡鏡面視寧度效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了定量計(jì)算,建立了鏡面溫升、環(huán)境風(fēng)速和望遠(yuǎn)鏡成像像質(zhì)間的定量關(guān)系,并給出了CLST主鏡鏡面溫控指標(biāo)。第四,建立了太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡傳熱理論模型,該模型可應(yīng)用于主鏡熱分析。相比于傳統(tǒng)有限元法,該方法具有快速、準(zhǔn)確的優(yōu)勢(shì)。第五,基于站址環(huán)境溫度數(shù)據(jù)和局部視寧度效應(yīng)分析結(jié)果,給出了主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)。結(jié)合熱光闌及主鏡傳熱特性,完成了主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)�；�600mm口徑開放式太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)(Prototype of Open Solar Telescope,POST),搭建了主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),對(duì)主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)分別進(jìn)行了極限能力測(cè)試、室內(nèi)和外場(chǎng)溫控實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,POST主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)滿足各項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo),其中,熱光闌和主鏡主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)的平均溫控誤差分別為0.31K和0.288K。此外,還對(duì)熱光闌熱分析方法和主鏡傳熱理論模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。針對(duì)大口徑地基太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡主動(dòng)溫控這一關(guān)鍵技術(shù),本文進(jìn)行了深入研究,對(duì)大口徑地基太陽望遠(yuǎn)鏡主動(dòng)溫控技術(shù)所涉及的一些理論和工程問題提出了具體的解決方法和方案;同時(shí),為我國(guó)CLST主動(dòng)溫控系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施提供了完整的技術(shù)路線。
[Abstract]:With the increase of aperture and the adoption of open structure, the active temperature control technology of thermal diaphragm and primary mirror has become one of the key technologies of the ground-based open solar telescope. Because of the establishment of the development project of the first large-caliber open ground-based solar telescope, the 1.8-meter Chinese large Solar Telescope (Chinese Large Solar Telescope,CLST), Research on active temperature control technology for large-caliber ground-based solar telescope is urgently needed. This paper focuses on the requirements of active temperature control technology for ground-based open solar telescope and CLST active temperature control system. Firstly, a quantitative calculation method for the internal apparent nailing effect of thermal diaphragm is proposed, which is based on the theoretical study of the internal apparent nailing effect. Based on the computational fluid dynamics theory, the air temperature field of the superheated diaphragm is obtained, and then the temperature field is transformed into the refractive index field by using the correlation formula. Finally, based on the theory of geometrical optics, the distorted wavefront formed by the beam passing through the refractive index field is obtained, and the quantitative calculation of the internal viewing effect of the thermal aperture is realized. In this paper, the method has been applied to the quantitative calculation of the apparent Nine effect in the thermal aperture of CLST. The quantitative relationship between the temperature rise of the thermal aperture and the imaging image quality of the telescope has been obtained, and the temperature control index of the thermal aperture of the CLST has been given. Secondly, the design method of thermal diaphragm cooling structure is studied theoretically, and a new design method of thermal diaphragm cooling structure based on jet cooling principle is proposed. Through the fluid-solid coupling simulation, it is proved that the new cooling structure design method can effectively enhance the heat transfer coefficient of the fluid-solid coupling surface in the thermal diaphragm cooling cavity, and can significantly improve the cooling efficiency of the thermal diaphragm. Thirdly, quantitative calculation of the effect of mirror apparent Nine on the solar telescope is carried out, and the quantitative relationship among mirror temperature rise, ambient wind speed and imaging image quality of the telescope is established, and the CLST primary mirror surface temperature control index is given. Fourthly, a theoretical model of heat transfer in primary mirror of solar telescope is established, which can be applied to thermal analysis of primary mirror. Compared with the traditional finite element method, this method has the advantage of rapidity and accuracy. Fifthly, the design index of active temperature control system is given based on the temperature data of site and the result of local visual effect analysis. The active temperature control system is designed based on the heat transfer characteristics of the thermal diaphragm and primary mirror. Based on the experimental prototype of 600mm open solar telescope (Prototype of Open Solar Telescope,POST), the experimental platform of active temperature control system is set up. The limit capability of active temperature control system and the temperature control experiment of indoor and external field are tested respectively. The experimental results show that the POST active temperature control system meets the design requirements, and the average temperature control errors of the thermal diaphragm and primary mirror active temperature control system are 0.31K and 0.288K, respectively. In addition, the thermal analysis method of thermal diaphragm and the theoretical model of primary mirror heat transfer are verified experimentally. Aiming at the key technology of active temperature control of large aperture ground-based solar telescope, this paper makes a thorough study, and puts forward some theoretical and engineering solutions to the active temperature control technology of large aperture ground-based solar telescope. At the same time, it provides a complete technical route for the implementation of CLST active temperature control system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(光電技術(shù)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH743

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