【摘要】：雨量計(jì)是一種用來測(cè)量一段時(shí)間內(nèi)降雨量的儀器,普遍應(yīng)用于氣象、水利和農(nóng)業(yè)等部門,給各部門提供用于預(yù)報(bào)和研究的降水量數(shù)據(jù)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)氣象領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的雨量計(jì)精度和自動(dòng)化程度比較低。國(guó)外的光學(xué)雨量計(jì)精度高,但價(jià)格昂貴,難以推廣普及。為設(shè)計(jì)出低成本、低功耗和高精度的超聲雨量計(jì),本文對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的超聲雨量計(jì)進(jìn)行硬件和軟件算法的優(yōu)化。硬件方面,本文選用低功耗和高性價(jià)比的STM32作為主控芯片。超聲測(cè)液位模塊由超聲發(fā)射和接收組成,發(fā)射部分通過高電壓脈沖來驅(qū)動(dòng)超聲探頭,接收部分包括信號(hào)放大、濾波和整形電路。本設(shè)計(jì)采用PT100測(cè)溫,選用24位高精度AD7794進(jìn)行模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,溫度測(cè)量精度可達(dá)±0.05℃。同時(shí)創(chuàng)造性的對(duì)雨量計(jì)進(jìn)行氣壓補(bǔ)償,使其適用于更復(fù)雜的環(huán)境。氣壓模塊采用BMP180組成陣列式結(jié)構(gòu),減小因傳感器蠕變導(dǎo)致的系統(tǒng)誤差。本設(shè)計(jì)既可以通過VFD屏顯示數(shù)據(jù)也可以通過串口將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到上位機(jī)。軟件算法補(bǔ)償方面,本文采用L-M算法實(shí)現(xiàn)超聲速度與溫度和氣壓之間的曲面擬合,達(dá)到溫度和氣壓補(bǔ)償?shù)哪康�。為了方便觀測(cè)者使用,本文開發(fā)了基于Qt的配套上位機(jī)軟件。本文研發(fā)的超聲雨量計(jì)量程為0-500mm,采集頻率可調(diào)。溫度適用范圍為0℃～50℃,氣壓適用范圍為500hPa～1100hPa。本設(shè)計(jì)具有低功耗模式,能夠長(zhǎng)期在野外使用。性能測(cè)試表明,本設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)量雨量誤差±0.5mm,總體上滿足氣象行業(yè)要求。
[Abstract]:Rain gauge is a kind of instrument used to measure rainfall for a period of time. It is widely used in meteorological, water conservancy and agriculture departments, and provides precipitation data for prediction and research. At present, the precision and automation of rain gauge used in the field of meteorology in China are relatively low. The precision of optical rain gauge abroad is high, but the price is expensive, so it is difficult to popularize. In order to design a low cost, low power and high precision ultrasonic rain meter, this paper optimizes the hardware and software algorithms of the traditional ultrasonic rain gauge. In the aspect of hardware, STM32 with low power consumption and high cost-performance ratio is chosen as the main control chip. The ultrasonic liquid level measurement module is composed of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving. The transmitting part drives the ultrasonic probe by high voltage pulse, and the receiving part includes signal amplifying, filtering and shaping circuit. In this design, PT100 is used to measure temperature, 24 bits high precision AD7794 is used for analog-to-digital conversion, and the precision of temperature measurement is 鹵0. 05 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2364432