基于STM32的自動體外除顫器系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-11 15:32
【摘要】：據(jù)統(tǒng)計,我國每年約有50萬以上的人猝死于突發(fā)性心臟驟停(SCA),醫(yī)學(xué)研究證明,病人若在發(fā)生突發(fā)性心臟驟停的最初幾分鐘內(nèi)接受到電除顫搶救后,存活的機(jī)率將大大提高。由于病人發(fā)病的不確定性以及所處的場合,所以需要一種便攜式,并便于非醫(yī)護(hù)人員操作的除顫器來完成急救工作。自動體外除顫器(Automated External Defibrillator,簡稱AED)是一種現(xiàn)場急救電除顫設(shè)備,可以現(xiàn)場實時采樣監(jiān)測病人的心電,對心電進(jìn)行實時分析,給出是否需要為病人給予電除顫指示。這種除顫設(shè)備縮短了搶救患者的寶貴時間,提高了搶救成功率。本文的主要工作是自動體外除顫器系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),分為以下幾點：首先,根據(jù)除顫器基本原理,設(shè)計了自動體外除顫器系統(tǒng)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)方案,依據(jù)該方案,簡單描述了系統(tǒng)所要實現(xiàn)各個模塊電路的功能需求,并分析了它們之間的關(guān)系。從四個方面因素綜合考慮,對系統(tǒng)最核心的部分處理器—STM32F429BIT6給出了選擇原由。其次,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)對各個模塊電路的功能需求,分析其電路原理,依次完成了：微控制器最小系統(tǒng)電路、高壓充電電路、除顫放電電路、心電信號采集電路、經(jīng)胸阻抗檢測電路、人機(jī)交互模塊電路、WIFI無線模塊接入電路的設(shè)計及實現(xiàn)。再次,研究了根據(jù)除顫能量計算高壓儲能電容充電電壓的算法、心室纖顫的檢測算法。對經(jīng)胸阻抗檢測電路建立等效模型,使用算法解決了AD5933測量小阻抗時精確度低的問題。定時調(diào)整除顫放電回路中的內(nèi)部電阻,克服了除顫電流按指數(shù)形式快速下降的問題。完成了系統(tǒng)整體運行,高壓充電、雙相波除顫放電、經(jīng)胸阻抗檢測等算法的設(shè)計流程和軟件編程。最后,設(shè)計PCB制板圖,完成了系統(tǒng)軟硬件調(diào)試、測試；給出了詳細(xì)的調(diào)試流程,以及系統(tǒng)中關(guān)鍵部分高壓充電測試、除顫放電過程測試的詳細(xì)說明；提出了一種使用示波器測量雙相波除顫放電能量的方法。測試結(jié)果表明：系統(tǒng)的高壓充電電壓誤差小于3%,除顫雙相波電流平穩(wěn)變化,無尖峰脈沖,除顫能量誤差控制在14%以內(nèi),滿足設(shè)計要求。下一步系統(tǒng)需通過動物和臨床試驗的驗證,便可實際應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, more than 500000 people in China die of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA),) every year. Medical research shows that if patients receive electrical defibrillation in the first few minutes of sudden cardiac arrest, the probability of survival will be greatly increased. Due to the uncertainty of the patient's onset and the situation, a portable defibrillator is needed to complete the first aid. Automatic external defibrillator (Automated External Defibrillator,) is a kind of field emergency defibrillation device. It can be used to monitor the ECG of patients in real time, analyze the ECG in real time, and give whether it is necessary to give the defibrillation indication for the patients. This defibrillation device shortens the precious time of rescuing patients and improves the success rate. The main work of this paper is the design and implementation of the automatic external defibrillator system, which is divided into the following points: firstly, according to the basic principle of the defibrillator, the whole structure scheme of the automatic external defibrillator system is designed. The functional requirements of each module circuit are briefly described, and the relationship between them is analyzed. Considering the four factors, the selection of STM32F429BIT6, the core processor of the system, is given. Secondly, according to the functional requirements of each module circuit of the system, the principle of the circuit is analyzed, and the minimum system circuit of the microcontroller, the high voltage charging circuit, the defibrillation discharge circuit, the ECG signal acquisition circuit and the transthoracic impedance detection circuit are completed in turn. The design and implementation of man-machine interaction module circuit and WIFI wireless module access circuit. Thirdly, the algorithm of calculating the charging voltage of high voltage energy storage capacitor and the detection algorithm of ventricular fibrillation are studied based on defibrillation energy. The equivalent model of the transthoracic impedance detection circuit is established, and the problem of low accuracy in AD5933 measurement of small impedance is solved by using the algorithm. The internal resistance in the defibrillation discharge loop is adjusted periodically to overcome the problem that the defibrillation current decreases exponentially. The whole operation of the system, high voltage charging, duplex wave defibrillation discharge, transthoracic impedance detection and other algorithm design flow and software programming are completed. Finally, the PCB system board diagram is designed, the system hardware and software debugging and testing are completed, and the detailed debugging flow, the key parts of the system high voltage charging test and defibrillation discharge process testing are described in detail. A method for measuring the energy of dual phase wave defibrillation discharge using oscilloscope is presented. The test results show that the voltage error of the system is less than 3, the defibrillation biphase wave current changes smoothly, there is no spike pulse, and the defibrillation energy error is controlled within 14%, which meets the design requirements. The next step of the system needs to be verified by animal and clinical trials, so it can be applied in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH772
本文編號：2264562
[Abstract]:According to statistics, more than 500000 people in China die of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA),) every year. Medical research shows that if patients receive electrical defibrillation in the first few minutes of sudden cardiac arrest, the probability of survival will be greatly increased. Due to the uncertainty of the patient's onset and the situation, a portable defibrillator is needed to complete the first aid. Automatic external defibrillator (Automated External Defibrillator,) is a kind of field emergency defibrillation device. It can be used to monitor the ECG of patients in real time, analyze the ECG in real time, and give whether it is necessary to give the defibrillation indication for the patients. This defibrillation device shortens the precious time of rescuing patients and improves the success rate. The main work of this paper is the design and implementation of the automatic external defibrillator system, which is divided into the following points: firstly, according to the basic principle of the defibrillator, the whole structure scheme of the automatic external defibrillator system is designed. The functional requirements of each module circuit are briefly described, and the relationship between them is analyzed. Considering the four factors, the selection of STM32F429BIT6, the core processor of the system, is given. Secondly, according to the functional requirements of each module circuit of the system, the principle of the circuit is analyzed, and the minimum system circuit of the microcontroller, the high voltage charging circuit, the defibrillation discharge circuit, the ECG signal acquisition circuit and the transthoracic impedance detection circuit are completed in turn. The design and implementation of man-machine interaction module circuit and WIFI wireless module access circuit. Thirdly, the algorithm of calculating the charging voltage of high voltage energy storage capacitor and the detection algorithm of ventricular fibrillation are studied based on defibrillation energy. The equivalent model of the transthoracic impedance detection circuit is established, and the problem of low accuracy in AD5933 measurement of small impedance is solved by using the algorithm. The internal resistance in the defibrillation discharge loop is adjusted periodically to overcome the problem that the defibrillation current decreases exponentially. The whole operation of the system, high voltage charging, duplex wave defibrillation discharge, transthoracic impedance detection and other algorithm design flow and software programming are completed. Finally, the PCB system board diagram is designed, the system hardware and software debugging and testing are completed, and the detailed debugging flow, the key parts of the system high voltage charging test and defibrillation discharge process testing are described in detail. A method for measuring the energy of dual phase wave defibrillation discharge using oscilloscope is presented. The test results show that the voltage error of the system is less than 3, the defibrillation biphase wave current changes smoothly, there is no spike pulse, and the defibrillation energy error is controlled within 14%, which meets the design requirements. The next step of the system needs to be verified by animal and clinical trials, so it can be applied in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH772
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