【摘要】：熱電偶絲材的不均勻性,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的測(cè)量誤差,是反映熱電偶復(fù)現(xiàn)性、穩(wěn)定性質(zhì)量的最主要的參數(shù),也是評(píng)價(jià)熱電偶性能的最主要指標(biāo)。而稀磁銅鐵低溫?zé)犭娕甲鳛榈蜏販貐^(qū)(4K~273K)內(nèi),唯一可替代貴金屬稀磁金鐵材料的熱電偶,提高其性能和質(zhì)量,推廣其應(yīng)用具有重要的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。課題來(lái)源于“國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金”(No:51276070),稀磁銅鐵合金低溫?zé)犭妱?dòng)勢(shì)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究。本文針對(duì)稀磁銅鐵低溫?zé)犭娕冀z材,采用雙介質(zhì)法設(shè)計(jì)了一套實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架,并測(cè)量了漆包銅鐵合金絲(Cu+0.13%at Fe)、銅鐵合金裸絲(Cu+0.13%at Fe)和對(duì)比用的鎳鉻絲材的不均勻性。實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)首先評(píng)估了實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架本身對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的影響,隨后對(duì)測(cè)量得到的熱電勢(shì)序列進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并對(duì)不同狀態(tài)的銅鐵合金鑄錠進(jìn)行了微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析。分析發(fā)現(xiàn),各種絲材的不均勻性都可分為平緩變化的微弱不均勻性和突變的較強(qiáng)不均勻性。對(duì)于不同的絲材,鎳鉻絲材的均勻性最好,這與其工藝成熟有關(guān)。銅鐵合金裸絲具有微弱的周期性,這與其拉拔成絲纏繞成卷后的退火不均勻有關(guān)。銅鐵漆包線均勻性好于銅鐵裸線,漆包工藝及之后的低溫退火工藝削弱了周期性而提高了材料的均勻性。而突起的較強(qiáng)不均勻性可以看作是晶粒中的點(diǎn)缺陷導(dǎo)致的,而緩慢變化的不均勻性則是晶粒之間形態(tài)差別導(dǎo)致,同時(shí)晶粒差別可能導(dǎo)致合金成絲后應(yīng)力分布不均,進(jìn)一步影響熱電勢(shì)不均勻性。通過(guò)低溫退火可以降低這些不均勻性,但無(wú)法消除點(diǎn)缺陷的影響。本研究和分析方法揭示了稀磁銅鐵熱電極不均勻性的特征與影響因素,可以為熱電極制造工藝的提升提供參考,有利于稀磁銅鐵低溫?zé)犭娕嫉耐茝V使用,并可用來(lái)建立熱電偶的質(zhì)量控制系統(tǒng),且能推廣應(yīng)用于其他類型熱電偶,改善和提高熱電偶的性能。
[Abstract]:The nonuniformity of thermocouple wire may lead to serious measurement error, which is the most important parameter to reflect the reproducibility and stability of thermocouple, and also the main index to evaluate the performance of thermocouple. As a low-temperature thermocouple (4K~273K), dilute magnetic copper-iron low temperature thermocouple can only replace the precious metal dilute magnetic gold and iron material, improve its performance and quality, and promote its application has important practical application value and economic benefit. The subject comes from National Natural Science Foundation (No:51276070), basic research on low temperature thermoelectromotive force of dilute magnetic copper ferroalloy. In this paper, a set of experimental bench is designed for thin magnetic copper iron low temperature thermocouple material by double medium method. The inhomogeneity of enamelled copper iron alloy wire (Cu 0.13%at Fe) and contrast nickel chrome wire is measured. In the experiment, the influence of the test bench itself on the experimental results was first evaluated, then the thermoelectric potential series was statistically analyzed, and the microstructure of copper ferroalloy ingot in different states was analyzed. It is found that the inhomogeneity of all kinds of wires can be divided into weak inhomogeneity of gentle variation and strong heterogeneity of abrupt change. The uniformity of nickel-chromium wire is the best for different wire materials, which is related to the maturity of the process. Copper ferroalloy bare wire has weak periodicity, which is related to the annealing inhomogeneity after winding. The uniformity of copper and iron enamelled wire is better than that of copper iron bare wire. The coating process and the subsequent low temperature annealing process weaken the periodicity and improve the homogeneity of the material. The strong inhomogeneity of the protuberance can be regarded as the result of the point defect in the grain, while the inhomogeneity of the slow change is caused by the difference of the morphology among the grains, and the difference of the grain size may lead to the uneven distribution of the stress after the formation of the wire. It further affects the unevenness of thermoelectric potential. These inhomogeneity can be reduced by low temperature annealing, but the effect of point defects can not be eliminated. This research and analysis method reveals the characteristics and influencing factors of the inhomogeneity of dilute magnetic copper-iron thermoelectric poles, which can provide a reference for the promotion of the manufacturing process of the hot electrodes, and is conducive to the popularization and use of low-temperature thermocouples of dilute magnetic copper-iron thermocouples. It can be used to establish the quality control system of thermocouple and can be applied to other types of thermocouple to improve and improve the performance of thermocouple.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH811

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本文編號(hào)：2250742