發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-18 08:40

【摘要】：三維成像技術(shù)是在二維成像技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上引入了景深的數(shù)據(jù),為用戶提供了更加逼真的視覺(jué)體驗(yàn),受到用戶的好評(píng)。三維圖像傳感器具有廣泛的市場(chǎng)前景,這從3D電影的風(fēng)靡便可見(jiàn)一斑。作為相對(duì)前沿的一種三維成像方法,直接飛行時(shí)間法具有一些獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì),例如:測(cè)量精度高、速度快、系統(tǒng)體積小和系統(tǒng)魯棒性高,具有非常重要的研究意義。光子以光速在空間中傳播,直接飛行時(shí)間法就是準(zhǔn)確獲得從發(fā)射光脈沖到傳感器接收到回波的時(shí)間,再將時(shí)間和距離進(jìn)行代換,從而得到景深的數(shù)據(jù)。因此,設(shè)計(jì)出一種高精度時(shí)間間隔測(cè)量電路是實(shí)現(xiàn)直接飛行時(shí)間法三維成像的關(guān)鍵。本文從三維成像的應(yīng)用背景出發(fā),對(duì)高精度時(shí)間間隔測(cè)量電路——時(shí)間數(shù)字傳感器進(jìn)行了深入的研究,分析了各種時(shí)間數(shù)字傳感器的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)比它們?cè)诟黜?xiàng)性能指標(biāo)方面的表現(xiàn),選定了兩步式時(shí)間數(shù)字傳感器作為重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象。本文基于GSMC 0.18μm CMOS工藝設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于脈沖計(jì)數(shù)器與延遲線結(jié)構(gòu)的兩步式時(shí)間數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器,位數(shù)為10 bit,在285 MHz的參考時(shí)鐘頻率下工作,達(dá)到了219 ps的時(shí)間分辨精度與112 ns的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍,在線性度的表現(xiàn)上,其微分非線性誤差與積分非線性誤差分別為±0.52 LSB與±0.80 LSB,時(shí)間測(cè)量的失調(diào)誤差不超過(guò)3.5%。與此同時(shí),本文基于所設(shè)計(jì)的兩步式時(shí)間數(shù)字傳感器設(shè)計(jì)了用于三維成像的像素讀出電路。采用雪崩光電二極管作為光子探測(cè)器件,除了最主要的模塊——時(shí)間數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器之外,像素讀出電路還包括前端電路、接口電路等電路子單元。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的像素面積為110μm2,幀速率1.5 MHz。最后,對(duì)像素進(jìn)行了陣列化設(shè)計(jì)與版圖設(shè)計(jì),陣列規(guī)格為16×16,陣列面積為2000μm×2300μm。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional imaging technology is based on two-dimensional imaging technology, the introduction of depth of field data for users to provide a more realistic visual experience, users praise. 3D image sensor has a wide market prospect, which can be seen from the popularity of 3D movies. As a relatively advanced 3D imaging method, direct flight time method has some unique advantages, such as high measurement accuracy, high speed, small system volume and high system robustness. Photons propagate at the speed of light in space. Direct time of flight (TOF) method is to accurately obtain the time from emitting light pulse to receiving echo from the sensor, and then replace the time and distance to obtain the data of depth of field. Therefore, the design of a high precision time interval measurement circuit is the key to realize the direct time of flight method 3D imaging. In this paper, based on the application background of 3D imaging, the time digital sensor, which is a high precision time interval measuring circuit, is studied deeply, and the basic structure of various time digital sensors is analyzed. Compared with their performance, two-step time digital sensor is selected as the key research object. In this paper, a two-step time-digital converter based on pulse counter and delay line structure is designed based on GSMC 0.18 渭 m CMOS process. The bit-number of 10 bit, works at the reference clock frequency of 285 MHz. The time resolution accuracy of 219 ps and the dynamic range of 112 ns are achieved. The differential nonlinear error and integral nonlinear error are 鹵0.52 LSB and 鹵0.80 LSB, respectively. At the same time, a pixel readout circuit for 3D imaging is designed based on the designed two-step time digital sensor. The avalanche photodiode is used as the photon detector. In addition to the most important module, the time digital converter, the pixel readout circuit also includes the front-end circuit, the interface circuit and other circuit sub-units. The pixel area is 110 渭 m ~ 2 and the frame rate is 1.5 MHz.. Finally, the array design and layout design are carried out. The array size is 16 脳 16, and the array area is 2000 渭 m 脳 2300 渭 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH714

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本文編號(hào)：2247363