本文選題：導管內窺鏡 + 電磁定位��； 參考：《太原科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：導管式內窺鏡在工業(yè)及醫(yī)療界有廣泛的應用。由于內窺鏡導管在物體內的操作過程人眼無法直接觀察到,其導管的位置形態(tài)不能估測,從而影響操作人員對內窺鏡的操作。如醫(yī)生在臨床使用內窺鏡時,不能夠觀測到內窺鏡導管在人體內的位置與形態(tài)變化,造成進退操作困難,會增加病人的痛苦,也可能造成醫(yī)療事故。所以,需要有一種實時的檢測裝置將導管的形狀進行測量并完整的顯示出來提供給操作者進行觀測,以提升對導管的操作精度和質量。目前常用的觀測內窺鏡導管的方法是采用X光成像技術,但是該技術會給操作者和操作對象帶來輻射,影響健康;而且設備大、價格昂貴、使用不方便。因此,本文提出電磁定位跟蹤技術。該技術具有高精度,無輻射,無遮擋問題的優(yōu)點。使用該技術實現(xiàn)對內窺鏡導管及鏡頭的運動變化的實時定位跟蹤,并在顯示器中給操作者顯示導管的完整形態(tài),從而提高操作者對導管內窺鏡的操控能力,提升操作質量�；陔姶哦ㄎ坏幕驹�,本文提出了硬件系統(tǒng)方案,制作了電磁激勵線圈與傳感感應線圈,設計了正弦信號發(fā)生電路和信號放大濾波接收電路,實現(xiàn)了激勵線圈與感應線圈的高效耦合。依據(jù)電磁感應原理,系統(tǒng)在物體外設置了三軸激勵線圈,并在導管上設置多個三軸感應線圈。通過軟件即最小二乘擬合算法的計算,提取了接收信號的幅值與相位參數(shù);本文首次提出對帶噪聲的飽和畸變正弦信號進行擬合重建,并提取準確的耦合正弦信號,大大提升了定位量程。進一步根據(jù)磁偶極子模型,通過解析計算的方法對導管上多個感應線圈的磁場強度與空間位置、方向進行了計算,得到了它們的三維位置參數(shù)和三維方向參數(shù);根據(jù)這些位置方向參數(shù)可以重建出導管的完整形態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Catheter endoscopy is widely used in industry and medical field.Because the operation of endoscope catheter in the object can not be directly observed by the human eye, the location and shape of the catheter can not be estimated, thus affecting the operator's operation of the endoscope.If the doctor can not observe the change of position and shape of endoscope catheter in human body when using endoscope clinically, it will cause difficulty in moving forward and backward, will increase the pain of patients, and may also cause medical malpractice.Therefore, it is necessary to have a real-time detection device to measure the shape of the catheter and provide the complete display to the operator for observation, in order to improve the operation accuracy and quality of the catheter.At present, X-ray imaging technology is commonly used to observe endoscope catheter, but this technique will bring radiation to operator and operation object, and it will affect health, and the equipment is large, the price is expensive, and it is not convenient to use.Therefore, electromagnetic positioning and tracking technology is proposed in this paper.This technique has the advantages of high accuracy, no radiation and no occlusion.The technique is used to realize the real-time positioning and tracking of the changes in the movement of the endoscope catheter and lens, and to display the complete shape of the catheter to the operator in the display, so as to improve the operator's ability to manipulate the catheter and improve the quality of the operation.Based on the basic principle of electromagnetic positioning, this paper proposes a hardware system scheme, makes electromagnetic excitation coil and sensing induction coil, designs sinusoidal signal generating circuit and signal amplifying filter receiving circuit.The high efficiency coupling of excitation coil and induction coil is realized.According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, a three-axis excitation coil is arranged outside the object, and a plurality of three-axis induction coils are arranged on the catheter.The amplitude and phase parameters of the received signal are extracted by the calculation of the least square fitting algorithm, and the fitting and reconstruction of the saturated distorted sinusoidal signal with noise is proposed for the first time, and the accurate coupled sinusoidal signal is extracted.Greatly improved positioning range.Further, according to the magnetic dipole model, the magnetic field intensity and spatial position and direction of several inductive coils on the catheter are calculated by analytical calculation method, and their three-dimensional position parameters and three-dimensional directional parameters are obtained.According to these position direction parameters, the complete shape of the catheter can be reconstructed.
【學位授予單位】：太原科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH776.1

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