【摘要】：全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)具有授時精準(zhǔn)、定位精度高、實時性較強(qiáng)等特點,因而其在科研、農(nóng)業(yè)、軍事等多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。然而由于衛(wèi)星與地球表面相距較遠(yuǎn),信號發(fā)射功率較弱,同時人為有意或無意干擾的日益增多,導(dǎo)致用戶段接收的導(dǎo)航信號質(zhì)量較差,無法精準(zhǔn)定位。針對該情況,構(gòu)建一個完備的衛(wèi)星信號用戶段抗干擾方案,找到一種高效、低成本、穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)的實現(xiàn)方法,設(shè)計出一種即便在電磁干擾環(huán)境相對惡劣情況下,依然能夠抑制干擾,捕獲導(dǎo)航信號,正常精確定位的抗干擾產(chǎn)品是非常重要的。本課題依托某公司項目,以北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收設(shè)備硬件為開發(fā)平臺,自適應(yīng)抗干擾技術(shù)為研究對象,著重分析并研究了陣列天線、干擾抑制算法、通道失配校正等技術(shù)。首先,本文闡述了抗干擾技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀,同時分析研究了抗干擾技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢。緊接著分析了我國北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷程,系統(tǒng)組成及工作原理,其干擾類型、干擾實施方式及抗干擾措施。接著分析了自適應(yīng)濾波器的類型及基本結(jié)構(gòu)組成,較為全面地推導(dǎo)并對比了各種自適應(yīng)算法收斂準(zhǔn)則,并且對自適應(yīng)天線原理、天線陣列模型及天線陣列結(jié)構(gòu)對抗干擾性能影響進(jìn)行了比較分析。然后,根據(jù)北斗導(dǎo)航電文的信號特征,及相關(guān)項目成員給的經(jīng)驗指導(dǎo),確定利用基于多線性約束最小方差準(zhǔn)則的功率倒置算法進(jìn)行干擾信號的抑制。然而,在對功率倒置(PI)算法原理分析、算法公式迭代推導(dǎo)時,發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)的PI算法對強(qiáng)干擾信號抑制效果明顯,而對弱干擾信號抑制效果不佳。針對該種情況,在本文中提出了矩陣分解提取干擾子矩陣和噪聲子矩陣方法,對該矩陣進(jìn)行判斷處理,進(jìn)而使得在弱干擾情況下采用PI算法也能對該信號進(jìn)行消弱濾除。同時設(shè)計該P(yáng)I算法的框架,確定算法實現(xiàn)流程,然后對該算法在空域中基于不同陣列模型的抗干擾性能進(jìn)行了 Matlab仿真,確定了抗干擾天線陣面結(jié)構(gòu)為均勻方陣,并對陣型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。最后,先是對北斗四陣列天線硬件平臺結(jié)構(gòu)各模塊的功能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明,然后對抗干擾算法的設(shè)計實現(xiàn)進(jìn)行說明。搭建測試環(huán)境,設(shè)置干擾源,采集北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星信號作為輸入信號,然后經(jīng)過自適應(yīng)算法的各模塊,分析干擾抑制效果。采用Matlab結(jié)合ISE的方式,對設(shè)計的正確性進(jìn)行了驗證。
[Abstract]:Global satellite navigation system is widely used in many fields, such as scientific research, agriculture, military and so on. However, because the satellite is far away from the earth's surface, the signal transmitting power is weak, and the artificial or unintentional interference is increasing day by day, which leads to the poor quality of the navigation signal received by the user segment, which makes it impossible to locate accurately. In view of this situation, a complete anti-jamming scheme of satellite signal user segment is constructed, and an efficient, low-cost and stable implementation method is found, and a kind of EMI environment is designed even if the EMI environment is relatively bad. Still be able to suppress interference, capture navigation signals, normal accurate positioning of anti-jamming products is very important. Based on the project of a company, taking the hardware of Beidou satellite navigation and receiving equipment as the development platform and the adaptive anti-jamming technology as the research object, the paper emphatically analyzes and studies the array antenna, the interference suppression algorithm, the channel mismatch correction and so on. Firstly, this paper describes the current situation of anti-jamming technology, and analyzes the development trend of anti-jamming technology. Then it analyzes the development course, system composition and working principle, interference type, interference implementation mode and anti-interference measures of Beidou navigation system in China. Then, the types and basic structure of adaptive filter are analyzed, the convergence criteria of various adaptive algorithms are derived and compared, and the principle of adaptive antenna is analyzed. The effects of antenna array model and antenna array structure on anti-jamming performance are compared and analyzed. Then, according to the signal characteristics of Beidou navigation message and the experience guidance given by the relative item members, it is determined that the power inversion algorithm based on the multilinear constraint minimum variance criterion is used to suppress the interference signal. However, in the analysis of the principle of the power inversion (PI) algorithm and the iterative derivation of the algorithm formula, it is found that the traditional PI algorithm can suppress the strong interference signal obviously, but the weak interference signal suppression effect is not good. In this paper, a matrix factorization method is proposed to extract the interference submatrix and noise submatrix, and the matrix is judged and processed, so that the signal can be removed by using the PI algorithm in the case of weak interference. At the same time, the frame of the PI algorithm is designed, and the realization flow of the algorithm is determined. Then, the anti-jamming performance of the algorithm based on different array models in the airspace is simulated by Matlab, and the structure of the anti-jamming antenna array is determined to be a uniform square array. The formation structure is optimized. Finally, the function of each module of the hardware platform of Beidou four array antenna is explained in detail, and the design and implementation of anti-jamming algorithm are described. Set up the test environment, set up the interference source, collect the Beidou navigation satellite signal as the input signal, then analyze the interference suppression effect through each module of the adaptive algorithm. The correctness of the design is verified by Matlab and ISE.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶三峽學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN967.1

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