【摘要】：高速鐵路運(yùn)輸以其運(yùn)行速度快、載貨能力強(qiáng)、受外界環(huán)境影響小、對(duì)環(huán)境污染小、能耗低、安全系數(shù)高等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)成為鐵路發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。可靠穩(wěn)定的無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)是保證高速列車安全可靠運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵,無(wú)線信道的模型是通信系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵,通過(guò)建立無(wú)線信道模型并進(jìn)行仿真分析可以了解無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)的性能并對(duì)已有通信系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改進(jìn)提供參考依據(jù)。論文研究了高架橋場(chǎng)景下無(wú)線信號(hào)在不同影響因素下的信道模型。主要內(nèi)容包括:首先,介紹了無(wú)線信號(hào)傳播過(guò)程中可能產(chǎn)生的衰落類型,從大尺度衰落和小尺度衰落兩方面分析了無(wú)線信道的傳播特性和幾個(gè)經(jīng)典信道模型,研究了不同模型的適用場(chǎng)景及適用條件,并結(jié)合MIMO系統(tǒng)信道特點(diǎn)討論了基于幾何的隨機(jī)信道模型的適用條件,為建立高架橋場(chǎng)景下的信道模型提供了理論依據(jù)。其次,結(jié)合高速鐵路高架橋的特點(diǎn),分析了高架橋高度和基站發(fā)射天線高度對(duì)無(wú)線信號(hào)傳播過(guò)程中路徑損耗的影響,因此建立了基于高架橋高度H和基于基站天線高度h的路徑損耗模型及路徑分布情況的信道統(tǒng)計(jì)模型,并對(duì)建立的模型進(jìn)行仿真,將仿真結(jié)果與理論結(jié)果對(duì)比,修正相關(guān)影響因子,使建立的信道模型適用性最佳。然后,根據(jù)經(jīng)過(guò)基站前后列車的接收天線和基站發(fā)射天線之間距離對(duì)稱分布的特點(diǎn),將高架橋區(qū)域分為5個(gè)部分,建立了高架橋場(chǎng)景下不同位置的區(qū)域模型。通過(guò)分析不同位置下無(wú)線信號(hào)傳播的路徑分布情況,建立基于距離的多徑抽頭延遲模型,并對(duì)不同區(qū)域的路徑損耗及萊斯K因子分布特性進(jìn)行仿真分析,確定不同區(qū)域的路徑分布情況。經(jīng)過(guò)仿真分析,不同區(qū)域接收信號(hào)包絡(luò)的概率密度函數(shù)和累積分布函數(shù)的仿真結(jié)果與萊斯K因子理論結(jié)果仿真對(duì)比基本一致,確定所建立信道模型符合無(wú)線信號(hào)的實(shí)際傳播場(chǎng)景。最后,分析了基于幾何的隨機(jī)信道模型的建模過(guò)程及相關(guān)模型的參數(shù)生成方法。結(jié)合高架橋場(chǎng)景特點(diǎn)建立高架橋場(chǎng)景下基于幾何的單環(huán)散射模型,并分析了無(wú)線信號(hào)空間相關(guān)性影響因素。從基站天線的數(shù)目,移動(dòng)臺(tái)天線的數(shù)目,天線的傾斜角等方面進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證。仿真結(jié)果與相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn)的實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果基本一致,證明了建立模型的正確性及不同影響因子對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。
[Abstract]:High speed railway transportation has become the inevitable trend of railway development because of its advantages such as fast running speed, strong loading capacity, little influence by external environment, low environmental pollution, low energy consumption, high safety factor, and so on. The reliable and stable wireless communication system is the key to ensure the safe and reliable operation of high-speed train. The model of wireless channel is the key to the design of communication system. The performance of the wireless communication system can be understood by establishing the wireless channel model and simulation analysis, and the reference for the optimization and improvement of the existing communication system can be provided. In this paper, the channel model of wireless signal in viaduct scene under different influence factors is studied. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the possible types of fading in the process of wireless signal propagation are introduced, and the propagation characteristics of wireless channel and several classical channel models are analyzed from two aspects: large scale fading and small scale fading. The suitable scenarios and applicable conditions of different models are studied, and the suitable conditions of geometric stochastic channel models are discussed according to the channel characteristics of MIMO system, which provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of channel models in viaduct scenarios. Secondly, considering the characteristics of high speed railway viaduct, the influence of viaduct height and base station antenna height on the path loss in the process of wireless signal transmission is analyzed. Therefore, the path loss model based on viaduct height H and base station antenna height h and the channel statistical model of path distribution are established, and the simulation results are compared with the theoretical results. The correlation influence factors are corrected to optimize the applicability of the established channel model. Then, according to the characteristic of distance symmetry distribution between the receiving antenna of train and transmitting antenna of base station before and after passing through the base station, the viaduct area is divided into five parts, and the region model of different position in viaduct scene is established. By analyzing the path distribution of wireless signal propagation in different locations, the multipath tap delay model based on distance is established, and the path loss and the distribution characteristics of Rice K factor in different regions are simulated and analyzed. Determine the path distribution of different regions. Through the simulation analysis, the simulation results of probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the envelope of received signals in different regions are basically consistent with the simulation results of Les K factor theory. It is determined that the established channel model accords with the actual propagation scene of the wireless signal. Finally, the modeling process of the geometric stochastic channel model and the method of parameter generation of the related model are analyzed. Based on the characteristics of viaduct scene, a geometric single loop scattering model is established, and the influence factors of wireless signal spatial correlation are analyzed. The number of base station antennas, the number of mobile station antennas and the tilt angle of the antennas are simulated and verified. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results of relevant references, which proves the correctness of the model and the influence of different influence factors on the system performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN92;U285.2

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本文編號(hào)：2406175