【摘要】：測向性能是衡量電子偵察系統(tǒng)性能的重要指標。用小型化、高效率的超寬帶雙極化天線作為前端測向陣元可以有效提高系統(tǒng)的測向性能。介質(zhì)諧振器天線具有損耗低、效率高和體積小的特點,因此廣泛用于電子偵察系統(tǒng)前端從而提高測向系統(tǒng)的隱蔽性和測向精度。因此,本文研究了超寬帶及雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線和雙極化天線陣列的測向算法,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,本文設(shè)計了工作于S波段和C波段的介質(zhì)諧振器天線。饋電方式分別為A和B差分饋電的介質(zhì)諧振器天線采用添加空氣隙以及差分饋電的方法擴展其帶寬,端口駐波比小于2的相對帶寬為102%。共面波導(dǎo)饋電的介質(zhì)諧振器天線采用印刷單極子天線與介質(zhì)諧振器的混合結(jié)構(gòu),通過在介質(zhì)諧振器內(nèi)部打孔的方式來擴展帶寬,其端口駐波比小于2的相對帶寬達到121%。相對于印刷貼片天線,差分饋電的介質(zhì)諧振器天線底面積的尺寸減少了67.2%,共面波導(dǎo)饋電的介質(zhì)諧振器天線底面積的尺寸減少了36%。其次,基于雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線的基本原理,完成了工作于C波段的雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線的設(shè)計仿真。采用梯形漸變結(jié)構(gòu)的同軸饋電雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線將兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相同的天線單元正交放置從而產(chǎn)生兩個正交的極化波,端口駐波比小于2的相對帶寬為10%。為了進一步增加帶寬,仿照差分饋電超寬帶介質(zhì)諧振器天線,通過對方形介質(zhì)諧振器正交差分饋電從而產(chǎn)生兩個正交的極化波。其端口駐波比小于2的相對帶寬達到31.6%。與現(xiàn)有的雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線相比,前者天線尺寸減小了3~16倍,后者阻抗帶寬提高了2~3倍。最后,基于不同的雙極化陣元建立接收信號矩陣,研究了兩類波達角和極化參數(shù)聯(lián)合估計算法,一是基于噪聲子空間的MUSIC算法;二是通過構(gòu)造波達方向矩陣的波達方向矩陣法。通過仿真驗證了其有效性,分析了信噪比、快拍數(shù)對各個算法性能的影響,從信噪比、快拍數(shù)和計算時間三個方面對兩個算法性能進行了比較分析。并以雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線組建極化陣列,構(gòu)建基于電磁仿真結(jié)果的雙極化天線陣列的接收數(shù)據(jù)模型,采用多重信號分類(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)算法實現(xiàn)了波達角(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)和極化參數(shù)的聯(lián)合估計。
[Abstract]:Direction finding performance is an important index to measure the performance of electronic reconnaissance system. Using a miniaturized and highly efficient UWB dual-polarization antenna as a front end direction-finding element can effectively improve the system's direction-finding performance. The dielectric resonator antenna has the characteristics of low loss, high efficiency and small volume, so it is widely used in the front end of the electronic reconnaissance system to improve the concealment and precision of the direction-finding system. Therefore, the direction finding algorithms of ultra-wideband and dual-polarization dielectric resonator antennas and dual-polarization antenna arrays are studied in this paper. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the dielectric resonator antennas working in S-band and C-band are designed in this paper. The dielectric resonator antenna fed by A and B respectively uses the method of adding air gap and differential feed to expand its bandwidth. The relative bandwidth of the port VSWR less than 2 is 102. The dielectric resonator antenna fed by coplanar waveguide adopts the mixed structure of printed monopole antenna and dielectric resonator. The bandwidth is expanded by perforating inside the dielectric resonator. The relative bandwidth of the port VSWR less than 2 is 121. Compared with the printed patch antenna, the size of the base area of the differential fed dielectric resonator antenna is reduced by 67.2 and that of the coplanar waveguide fed dielectric resonator antenna by 36. Secondly, based on the basic principle of dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna, the design and simulation of dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna working in C-band are completed. Two antenna elements with the same structure are placed quadrature to produce two orthogonal polarization waves, and the relative bandwidth of the port standing wave ratio less than 2 is 10. In order to further increase the bandwidth, two quadrature polarization waves are generated by quadrature differential feeding of the square dielectric resonator by emulating the differential feed ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna. The relative bandwidth of the port VSWR less than 2 is 31.6. Compared with the existing dual polarization dielectric resonator antenna, the size of the former antenna is reduced by 316 times, and the impedance bandwidth of the latter is increased by 2 times. Finally, two kinds of joint estimation algorithms of DOA and polarization parameters are studied, one is MUSIC algorithm based on noise subspace, the other is by constructing DOA matrix. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation, and the effects of SNR and racket number on the performance of each algorithm are analyzed. The performance of the two algorithms is compared and analyzed from three aspects: SNR, racket number and calculation time. The polarization array is constructed with the dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna, and the receiving data model of the dual-polarization antenna array based on the electromagnetic simulation results is constructed. The (Direction Of Arrival, is realized by using the multi-signal classification (Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC) algorithm. DOA) and the joint estimation of polarization parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN820

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