發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-24 08:49

【摘要】：隨著室內(nèi)定位需求的普及,各種室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)成為了研究的熱點(diǎn)。然而,室內(nèi)電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜,無(wú)線信道隨機(jī)變化。在WiFi定位技術(shù)中,應(yīng)用最廣泛的RSSI指紋庫(kù)匹配定位仍存在定位精度不高,穩(wěn)定性不足的缺點(diǎn)。為突破指紋庫(kù)定位的局限,利用WiFi中信道狀態(tài)信息具有更細(xì)粒度感知環(huán)境這一特性,結(jié)合OFDM通信技術(shù)和陣列測(cè)向技術(shù),通過(guò)位置參數(shù)估計(jì)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種全新的定位技術(shù)。本文利用當(dāng)前廣泛部署的普通商用WiFi設(shè)備具有多天線,多信道,多子載波的特點(diǎn),通過(guò)研究信道響應(yīng)模型、WiFi信號(hào)及OFDM技術(shù)的基本特性,將通信技術(shù)和陣列測(cè)向技術(shù)結(jié)合起來(lái),通過(guò)超分辨空間譜估計(jì)的算法和稀疏重構(gòu)方法恢復(fù)出多徑信號(hào)的空間譜和時(shí)間譜,實(shí)現(xiàn)了在LOS環(huán)境下直達(dá)波分量的傳播時(shí)延和入射角度參數(shù)估計(jì),并最終給出了基于信道響應(yīng)的WiFi室內(nèi)定位系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式及其原型架構(gòu)。研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要包括以下三個(gè)方面:本文首先研究了陣列測(cè)向、信道響應(yīng)模型和MUSIC超分辨空間譜估計(jì)算法,將信道響應(yīng)模型引入到陣列測(cè)向估計(jì)中。利用WiFi設(shè)備多天線、OFDM技術(shù)多子載波的特點(diǎn),構(gòu)造出空頻域平滑矩陣,通過(guò)超分辨空頻域聯(lián)合的MUSIC方法估計(jì)出等效的時(shí)空譜,經(jīng)譜峰搜索實(shí)現(xiàn)多徑AOA估計(jì);然后將該模型從均勻線陣推廣到任意平面陣列,實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)向全方位無(wú)模糊的覆蓋;通過(guò)分析算法測(cè)向性能,進(jìn)行聚類(lèi)分析后提取AOA估計(jì)結(jié)果,實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)向。其次針對(duì)時(shí)空譜估計(jì)模型中時(shí)間分辨率不足且無(wú)法估計(jì)真正的傳播時(shí)延這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,通過(guò)多信道聯(lián)合,利用超分辨MUSIC方法實(shí)現(xiàn)傳播時(shí)延估計(jì)。利用多徑具有稀疏性的特點(diǎn),另外提出了一種利用OMP算法進(jìn)行稀疏重構(gòu)恢復(fù)信道脈沖響應(yīng),實(shí)現(xiàn)更高分辨率的多徑TOA估計(jì),并根據(jù)首達(dá)波特點(diǎn)推斷出真正的傳播時(shí)延。最后給出了幾種可利用信道狀態(tài)信息進(jìn)行WiFi室內(nèi)定位的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,并以單站定位為例,提出了具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法和原型架構(gòu),通過(guò)完整的系統(tǒng)模擬仿真分析,驗(yàn)證了基于空域頻域聯(lián)合處理的室內(nèi)WiFi定位技術(shù)的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of indoor positioning requirements, various indoor positioning technology has become a hot spot. However, the indoor electromagnetic environment is complex and the wireless channel changes randomly. In the WiFi location technology, the most widely used RSSI fingerprint database matching location still has the shortcomings of low accuracy and low stability. In order to break through the limitation of fingerprint database location, a new location technology is realized by using location parameter estimation method, which combines OFDM communication technology and array direction-finding technology, using the characteristic that channel state information in WiFi has finer granularity perception environment. In this paper, the widely deployed common commercial WiFi equipment has the characteristics of multi-antenna, multi-channel and multi-subcarrier. By studying the channel response model, the basic characteristics of WiFi signal and OFDM technology, the communication technology and array direction-finding technology are combined. The spatial spectrum and time spectrum of multipath signal are recovered by the algorithm of super-resolution spatial spectrum estimation and sparse reconstruction, and the parameters of propagation delay and incidence angle of direct wave component in LOS environment are estimated. Finally, the implementation mode and prototype architecture of WiFi indoor positioning system based on channel response are given. The research contents and innovations include the following three aspects: firstly, the array direction finding, channel response model and MUSIC super-resolution spatial spectrum estimation algorithm are studied, and the channel response model is introduced into the array direction finding estimation. Using the characteristics of multi-antenna and multi-subcarrier of WiFi equipment, the space-frequency domain smooth matrix is constructed, and the equivalent space-time spectrum is estimated by the MUSIC method of super-resolution space-frequency domain, and the multipath AOA estimation is realized by spectral peak search. Then, the model is extended from uniform linear array to arbitrary plane array to realize the omnidirectional coverage without ambiguity, and by analyzing the performance of the algorithm, the AOA estimation results are extracted after clustering analysis, and the direction finding is realized. Secondly, aiming at the two problems that the time resolution is insufficient and the real propagation delay can not be estimated in the spatio-temporal spectrum estimation model, the super-resolution MUSIC method is used to realize the propagation delay estimation through the combination of multi-channels. Taking advantage of the sparseness of multipath, this paper also proposes a new method of sparse reconstruction and restoration of channel impulse response using OMP algorithm to achieve a higher resolution multipath TOA estimation, and to infer the real propagation delay according to the characteristics of the first reachable wave. Finally, several methods to realize indoor positioning of WiFi using channel state information are given. Taking the single-station positioning as an example, the specific implementation method and prototype architecture are proposed, and the complete system simulation and analysis are carried out. The feasibility and effectiveness of indoor WiFi positioning technology based on spatial frequency domain joint processing are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN92

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本文編號(hào)：2390419