【摘要】：空間光通信憑借其通信頻帶寬、傳輸速率高、抗干擾抗截獲能力強(qiáng)的優(yōu)勢,成為解決射頻空間通信中帶寬接近極限、通信速率難以提高問題的有效方式之一,正成為星間、星地等通信鏈路的主要發(fā)展趨勢。針對地面近距離低速率的大氣激光通信的應(yīng)用需求,本文研究的基于QD(四象限探測器)的跟蹤與通信復(fù)合探測技術(shù)對光通信終端的低功耗、輕小型化設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要。經(jīng)典空間激光通信光端機(jī)采用精跟蹤與通信分離,獨(dú)立發(fā)射獨(dú)立接收探測,對跟蹤視軸和通信視軸的同軸度要求很高。而跟蹤與通信復(fù)合探測技術(shù),僅利用一個(gè)四象限探測器來接收信號光同時(shí)完成精跟蹤和通信功能,簡化光端機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu),降低系統(tǒng)功耗。本文首先介紹了QD在空間激光通信中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,其次分析了復(fù)合探測的前提條件和主要特點(diǎn),然后對四象限探測器的光斑位置檢測原理進(jìn)行了闡述,分析了光斑尺寸、光斑位置、背景光、光斑能量分布、死區(qū)寬度、信噪比對光斑位置檢測精度的影響;提出了基于四象限探測器的跟蹤與通信復(fù)合探測技術(shù)的具體方案,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)合探測系統(tǒng)的硬件電路功能,包括激光調(diào)制發(fā)射單元、光電轉(zhuǎn)換探測和前端信號處理單元、跟蹤伺服單元和通信解調(diào)單元。最后搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),采用800nm通信光在曼徹斯特編碼、強(qiáng)度調(diào)制/直接探測條件下,通信速率達(dá)到10Mb/s,探測靈敏度-35.4dBm,誤碼率10-6。光斑位置檢測的最小位置分辨率是2μm,角分辨率是0.8μrad,閉環(huán)跟蹤系統(tǒng)的跟蹤精度是2.5μrad(峰峰值)。本文初步論證了利用QD單探測器實(shí)現(xiàn)跟蹤與通信復(fù)合探測的可行性,為整個(gè)通信系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Because of its advantages of high frequency bandwidth, high transmission rate and strong anti-jamming and anti-interception ability, space optical communication has become one of the effective ways to solve the problem that the bandwidth is close to the limit and the communication rate is difficult to improve in radio frequency space communication. The main development trend of satellite-ground communication links. In order to meet the requirement of the application of low speed and close distance atmospheric laser communication, the tracking and communication compound detection technology based on QD (four-quadrant detector) is very important for the design of low power consumption and light miniaturization of optical communication terminal in this paper. The classical space laser communication optical terminal adopts the separation of fine tracking and communication and independent transmitting and independent receiving detection. The coaxiality of tracking axis and communication axis is very high. In the complex detection technology of tracking and communication, only a four-quadrant detector is used to receive the signal light and complete the functions of fine tracking and communication simultaneously, which simplifies the structure of the optical terminal and reduces the power consumption of the system. This paper first introduces the application status of QD in space laser communication, then analyzes the premise and main characteristics of compound detection, then expounds the principle of spot position detection of four-quadrant detector, and analyzes the spot size. The influence of spot location, background light, spot energy distribution, dead zone width and signal-to-noise ratio on spot location detection accuracy; In this paper, the specific scheme of tracking and communication compound detection technology based on four-quadrant detector is presented, and the hardware circuit functions of the compound detection system are designed and realized, including laser modulation emitter unit, photoelectric conversion detection unit and front-end signal processing unit. Tracking servo unit and communication demodulation unit. Finally, an experimental system is set up. Under the condition of Manchester coding, intensity modulation / direct detection, the communication rate is 10MB / s, the detection sensitivity is -35.4dBmand the bit error rate is 10-6. The minimum position resolution of spot detection is 2 渭 m and the angular resolution is 0. 8 渭 rad,. The tracking accuracy of the closed loop tracking system is 2. 5 渭 rad (peak). This paper preliminarily demonstrates the feasibility of using QD single detector to realize tracking and communication compound detection, which lays a foundation for the application design of the whole communication system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長春理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN929.1

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