基于協(xié)作MIMO的WSN節(jié)能路由算法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-16 16:23
【摘要】：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是由大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的部署在監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域的分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò),其能夠以協(xié)作的方式對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)區(qū)域內(nèi)的多種目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)、感知、采集和處理,并以自組織多跳的方式將處理后的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送至觀察者。WSN最大的限制就是傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量有限并不可替代。路由負(fù)責(zé)將源節(jié)點(diǎn)采集的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)中繼節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)匯集至目的節(jié)點(diǎn),在這個(gè)過程中會(huì)消耗大量的能量。所以,降低傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)能夠盡可能延長(zhǎng)WSN生存周期的路由算法,對(duì)長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行的WSN來(lái)說是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。現(xiàn)有的路由算法多是基于單輸入單輸出(Single-Input Single-Output,SISO)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)而成,存在傳輸能耗高且不可靠的缺點(diǎn)。隨著通信技術(shù)、嵌入式技術(shù)和傳感技術(shù)的發(fā)展,路由算法的設(shè)計(jì)要求能夠適應(yīng)更大規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò),并且與其他技術(shù)也要結(jié)合起來(lái)。研究表明,在相同的信噪比條件下,多輸入多輸出(Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO)系統(tǒng)相比SISO系統(tǒng)可以提供更加可靠的通信。在WSN中引入?yún)f(xié)作MIMO技術(shù),節(jié)點(diǎn)間通過協(xié)作通信可以產(chǎn)生分集增益,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能和降低能耗。本文在目前已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)WSN能量有限、能耗不均衡的特點(diǎn),基于協(xié)作MIMO技術(shù),提出一種能耗均衡的協(xié)作路由算法—EBCR算法(Energy Balanced Cooperative Routing Algorithm)。該算法首先根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的最優(yōu)域首數(shù)目,基于虛擬網(wǎng)格算法,將WSN部署區(qū)域內(nèi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)分割成域。針對(duì)虛擬網(wǎng)格算法在域首節(jié)點(diǎn)選舉階段的不足進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。在每個(gè)區(qū)域中選取靠近質(zhì)心、剩余能量大的節(jié)點(diǎn)作為域首。這樣,可以在保證全網(wǎng)均勻分域的前提下,確保域首節(jié)點(diǎn)均勻分布。其次,為了使協(xié)作MIMO技術(shù)能夠更好的應(yīng)用于WSN中,提出了能量高效的協(xié)作節(jié)點(diǎn)選擇算法。在選擇協(xié)作節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí),首先根據(jù)預(yù)設(shè)的信噪比門限范圍來(lái)確定協(xié)作節(jié)點(diǎn)的可選集合,再綜合考慮可選節(jié)點(diǎn)的剩余能量、信道狀態(tài)和到達(dá)域首節(jié)點(diǎn)的距離,選擇出域首節(jié)點(diǎn)的最優(yōu)協(xié)作節(jié)點(diǎn)。在域間數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過程中,基于博弈論,提出了能耗均衡的域間路由算法,該算法綜合考慮可選域首節(jié)點(diǎn)的剩余能量、距離匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)通信跳數(shù)、能量密度、節(jié)點(diǎn)間通信距離等因素,構(gòu)造出一個(gè)全新的效益函數(shù),通過效益函數(shù)可以選擇出受益最大的節(jié)點(diǎn)作為數(shù)據(jù)中繼轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn),進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:EBCR算法較MIMO-LEACH算法和HEED算法在網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間,能量效率,平衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗方面都有較大改善。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN) is a distributed network which consists of a large number of sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. It can monitor, perceive, collect and process a variety of target data in the network area in a cooperative manner. The biggest limitation of WSN is that the energy of sensor nodes is limited and can not be replaced. Routing is responsible for forwarding the data collected by the source node to the destination node through the relay node, which consumes a lot of energy in the process. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes and designing a routing algorithm that can prolong the lifetime of WSN as much as possible is the most challenging problem for long-running WSN. Most of the existing routing algorithms are based on single input and single output (Single-Input Single-Output,SISO) systems, which have the disadvantages of high transmission energy consumption and unreliable transmission. With the development of communication technology, embedded technology and sensor technology, the design of routing algorithm needs to adapt to the larger network and combine with other technologies. It is shown that the multi-input multiple-output (Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO) system can provide more reliable communication than the SISO system under the same SNR condition. With the introduction of cooperative MIMO technology in WSN, the diversity gain can be generated by cooperative communication between nodes, the performance of the network can be improved and the energy consumption can be reduced. In this paper, based on the existing research, aiming at the characteristics of limited energy and unbalanced energy consumption of WSN, based on cooperative MIMO technology, a cooperative routing algorithm, EBCR algorithm (Energy Balanced Cooperative Routing Algorithm)., is proposed to equalize energy consumption. According to the optimal number of domain heads in the network, the algorithm first divides the network in the WSN deployment area into domains based on the virtual grid algorithm. Aiming at the deficiency of virtual grid algorithm in the election stage of the first node in the domain, the improvement is carried out. In each region, the nodes close to the center of mass and with large residual energy are selected as the domain heads. In this way, we can ensure the uniform distribution of the first node in the whole network under the premise of ensuring the uniform division of the whole network. Secondly, in order to make cooperative MIMO technology better applied in WSN, an energy-efficient cooperative node selection algorithm is proposed. In the selection of cooperative nodes, the optional set of cooperative nodes is first determined according to the preset SNR threshold range, and then the residual energy, channel state and distance to the first node in the domain are considered synthetically. Select the optimal cooperative node of the first node of the domain. In the process of inter-domain data forwarding, based on game theory, an inter-domain routing algorithm with balanced energy consumption is proposed. The algorithm considers the residual energy of the first node of the optional domain, the number of hops and the energy density of the distance convergent node. Based on the communication distance between nodes, a new benefit function is constructed, through which the most beneficial node can be selected as the data relay forwarding node for data forwarding. The experimental results show that the EBCR algorithm is better than MIMO-LEACH algorithm and HEED algorithm in network lifetime, energy efficiency and balance network energy consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN919.3;TP212.9;TN929.5
本文編號(hào)：2382690
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN) is a distributed network which consists of a large number of sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. It can monitor, perceive, collect and process a variety of target data in the network area in a cooperative manner. The biggest limitation of WSN is that the energy of sensor nodes is limited and can not be replaced. Routing is responsible for forwarding the data collected by the source node to the destination node through the relay node, which consumes a lot of energy in the process. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes and designing a routing algorithm that can prolong the lifetime of WSN as much as possible is the most challenging problem for long-running WSN. Most of the existing routing algorithms are based on single input and single output (Single-Input Single-Output,SISO) systems, which have the disadvantages of high transmission energy consumption and unreliable transmission. With the development of communication technology, embedded technology and sensor technology, the design of routing algorithm needs to adapt to the larger network and combine with other technologies. It is shown that the multi-input multiple-output (Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO) system can provide more reliable communication than the SISO system under the same SNR condition. With the introduction of cooperative MIMO technology in WSN, the diversity gain can be generated by cooperative communication between nodes, the performance of the network can be improved and the energy consumption can be reduced. In this paper, based on the existing research, aiming at the characteristics of limited energy and unbalanced energy consumption of WSN, based on cooperative MIMO technology, a cooperative routing algorithm, EBCR algorithm (Energy Balanced Cooperative Routing Algorithm)., is proposed to equalize energy consumption. According to the optimal number of domain heads in the network, the algorithm first divides the network in the WSN deployment area into domains based on the virtual grid algorithm. Aiming at the deficiency of virtual grid algorithm in the election stage of the first node in the domain, the improvement is carried out. In each region, the nodes close to the center of mass and with large residual energy are selected as the domain heads. In this way, we can ensure the uniform distribution of the first node in the whole network under the premise of ensuring the uniform division of the whole network. Secondly, in order to make cooperative MIMO technology better applied in WSN, an energy-efficient cooperative node selection algorithm is proposed. In the selection of cooperative nodes, the optional set of cooperative nodes is first determined according to the preset SNR threshold range, and then the residual energy, channel state and distance to the first node in the domain are considered synthetically. Select the optimal cooperative node of the first node of the domain. In the process of inter-domain data forwarding, based on game theory, an inter-domain routing algorithm with balanced energy consumption is proposed. The algorithm considers the residual energy of the first node of the optional domain, the number of hops and the energy density of the distance convergent node. Based on the communication distance between nodes, a new benefit function is constructed, through which the most beneficial node can be selected as the data relay forwarding node for data forwarding. The experimental results show that the EBCR algorithm is better than MIMO-LEACH algorithm and HEED algorithm in network lifetime, energy efficiency and balance network energy consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN919.3;TP212.9;TN929.5
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