【摘要】：石油鉆井雷達(dá)的研究對(duì)于礦產(chǎn)和地下探測(cè)具有國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略意義,基于沖激體制的石油鉆井雷達(dá)具有分辨率高兼穿透能力強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。論文主要圍繞著基于沖激體制的石油鉆井雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)展開設(shè)計(jì),通過闡述石油鉆井雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)的計(jì)算;研制石油鉆井雷達(dá)的沖激信號(hào)脈沖源,時(shí)變衰減接收機(jī)的射頻模塊,探索石油鉆井雷達(dá)成像技術(shù)。研制低觸抖動(dòng)的沖激信號(hào)源;討論幾種常見的超寬帶信號(hào)數(shù)學(xué)形式、產(chǎn)生方法、以及頻譜分析;分析高斯信號(hào)在地質(zhì)的衰減特性與傳播特性,用CST仿真各階高斯信號(hào)在地質(zhì)中對(duì)目標(biāo)散射特性;最終確定雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的沖激信號(hào)源的數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過分析雪崩晶體管的雪崩效應(yīng)、雪崩電路工作機(jī)理與工作點(diǎn)的動(dòng)態(tài)變換過程,在Marx電路基礎(chǔ)上研制一個(gè)低觸發(fā)抖動(dòng)的沖激信號(hào)脈沖源。通過理論計(jì)算Marx電路各個(gè)指標(biāo),并用Orcad對(duì)Marx電路進(jìn)行仿真優(yōu)化。利用驅(qū)動(dòng)隔離電路與雪崩三極管設(shè)計(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路降低觸發(fā)抖動(dòng),利用雪崩二極管與濾波器的構(gòu)造脈沖整形電路實(shí)現(xiàn)窄脈寬。選擇雪崩晶體三極管FMMT415和雪崩晶體二極管P4SMA540A研制沖激信號(hào)源在50歐姆的負(fù)載上實(shí)測(cè)峰值電壓為690 V、半峰值脈沖寬度為500 ps、觸發(fā)抖動(dòng)32 ps。研制時(shí)變衰減接收機(jī)射頻前端;基于沖激信號(hào)在地質(zhì)中的傳輸特性和目標(biāo)的反射特性分析,計(jì)算整個(gè)石油鉆井雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)指標(biāo),分析沖激體制雷達(dá)的特點(diǎn)。提出用MA4P7455研制時(shí)變衰減電路和低噪聲系數(shù)鏈路增加接收機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍與探測(cè)距離,合理分配整個(gè)接收機(jī)的指標(biāo),利用ADS對(duì)整個(gè)鏈路進(jìn)行仿真優(yōu)化。時(shí)變衰減電路的控制信號(hào)是由自舉電路與電壓跟隨器設(shè)計(jì)的三角波電路產(chǎn)生,這個(gè)三角波電路實(shí)現(xiàn)在50 ns-2 us可調(diào)的上升時(shí)間。整個(gè)時(shí)變衰減接收機(jī)的射頻前端工作帶寬是30 MHz-1 GHz、增益動(dòng)態(tài)范圍-15dB-53dB,增益模塊的噪聲系數(shù)0.82 dB,接收機(jī)噪聲系數(shù)3.6 dB;系統(tǒng)靈敏度-83.59 dBm。成像算法上的研究主要是從對(duì)目標(biāo)的散射實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中得出目標(biāo)的反射信號(hào)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)形式固定、能量集中在300 MHz-800 MHz之間;基于此利用傅里葉濾波法可以有效對(duì)目標(biāo)信號(hào)的提取。同時(shí)利用時(shí)變放大、相關(guān)函數(shù)、中值濾波法可以有效抑制雜波;利用中值濾波法還可以產(chǎn)生背景信號(hào),有效解決雷達(dá)移動(dòng)過程中目標(biāo)的成像問題。
[Abstract]:The research of petroleum drilling radar is of national strategic significance for mineral and underground exploration. The petroleum drilling radar based on impulse system has the characteristics of high resolution and strong penetration ability. This paper mainly focuses on the design of the key technology of petroleum drilling radar system based on impulse system, and expatiates on the characteristics of petroleum drilling radar system and the calculation of key indexes. The impulse signal pulse source of petroleum drilling radar and the RF module of time-varying attenuation receiver are developed to explore the imaging technology of petroleum drilling radar. A low touch jitter impulse signal source is developed, and several common mathematical forms, generation methods and spectrum analysis of UWB signal are discussed. This paper analyzes the attenuation and propagation characteristics of Gao Si signal in geology, simulates the scattering characteristics of every order Gao Si signal in geology by using CST, and finally determines the mathematical model of impulse signal source of radar system. By analyzing the avalanche effect of the avalanche transistor, the working mechanism of the avalanche circuit and the dynamic transformation process of the operating point, a pulse source with low trigger jitter is developed based on the Marx circuit. Each index of Marx circuit is calculated theoretically, and the Marx circuit is simulated and optimized by Orcad. Driving circuit and avalanche transistor are used to design drive circuit to reduce trigger jitter and narrow pulse width is realized by constructing pulse shaping circuit of avalanche diode and filter. Selection of avalanche Crystal Triode FMMT415 and Avalanche Crystal Diode P4SMA540A Research on impulse signal source with 50 ohms load the measured peak voltage is 690V and the half peak pulse width is 500 ps, trigger jitter 32 ps. The RF front-end of time-varying attenuation receiver is developed, based on the analysis of the transmission characteristics of impulse signals in geology and the reflection characteristics of targets, the indexes of the whole petroleum drilling radar system are calculated, and the characteristics of impulse system radar are analyzed. Using MA4P7455 to develop time-varying attenuation circuit and link with low noise coefficient to increase the dynamic range and detection distance of the receiver, to allocate the index of the whole receiver reasonably, and to use ADS to optimize the whole link. The control signal of the time-varying attenuation circuit is generated by the triangulation circuit designed by the bootstrap circuit and the voltage follower. The triangulation circuit can realize the adjustable rising time at 50 ns-2 us. The RF front-end bandwidth of the whole time-varying attenuating receiver is 30 MHz-1 GHz, gain dynamic range -15dB-53dB, and the noise coefficient of the gain module is 0.82 dB, receiver noise coefficient 3.6 dB; system sensitivity -83.59 dBm.. The research of imaging algorithm is mainly based on the scattering experiment of the target. The mathematical function of the reflected signal of the target is fixed and the energy is concentrated in the range of 300 MHz-800 MHz. Based on this, the target signal can be extracted effectively by using the Fourier filter method. At the same time, using time-varying amplification, correlation function, median filtering method can effectively suppress clutter; using median filter method can also generate background signal, effectively solve the imaging problem of the target in the process of radar moving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN958

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 袁雪林;張洪德;;超寬帶沖激雷達(dá)的特點(diǎn)及軍事應(yīng)用前景[J];科技資訊;2009年02期

2 陳建勝;陳從新;;鉆孔雷達(dá)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和現(xiàn)狀[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2008年05期

3 梁步閣,陳小娟,朱暢,袁乃昌;超寬帶雷達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)中大功率納秒級(jí)脈沖源的研制[J];微波學(xué)報(bào);2005年01期

4 梁步閣,朱暢,張光甫,袁乃昌;高功率全固態(tài)微波納秒級(jí)脈沖源的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用[J];國(guó)防科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2004年06期

5 曹輝;井中地球物理技術(shù)綜述[J];勘探地球物理進(jìn)展;2004年04期

6 李海華;探地雷達(dá)體制綜述[J];測(cè)試技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào);2003年01期

7 薛梅,楚澤涵,姜皓;聲波測(cè)井儀器發(fā)展評(píng)述[J];石油儀器;2000年05期

8 山冰,劉進(jìn)元,常增虎;2.8kV、140ps高壓電脈沖的產(chǎn)生[J];電子科學(xué)學(xué)刊;1997年03期

9 劉文生;高守信;;雪崩電路及其應(yīng)用[J];電子測(cè)量技術(shù);1983年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：2375780