【摘要】：天線在現(xiàn)代無線通信中擔(dān)任著輻射和接收無線電波的重要角色,通信系統(tǒng)能夠順利完成通信任務(wù)的前提是要有一副性能指標(biāo)良好的天線。目前人們對無線通信技術(shù)的追求表現(xiàn)在對各種智能化、多功能手持設(shè)備的強(qiáng)烈依賴以及對信息傳輸速度的高要求,設(shè)備智能化、多功能意味著天線多頻化,天線帶寬影響通信效率,因此,小型、多頻和寬帶天線技術(shù)成為天線的主流設(shè)計趨勢,對現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展起著重要作用。本文首先介紹了微帶天線理論、天線多頻化、寬帶化的發(fā)展趨勢和實現(xiàn)技術(shù),并通過三部分來完成對微帶天線的研究與設(shè)計工作。第一部分主要設(shè)計了兩款多頻微帶天線,首先針對天線小型化要求,采用具有充實填充性和自相似性的Sierpinski三角分形結(jié)構(gòu),并在分形天線結(jié)構(gòu)上添加易于調(diào)節(jié)的微帶輻射枝節(jié)改善天線諧振特性,展寬天線帶寬。其次采用共面波導(dǎo)天線基本模型,通過U形輻射貼片產(chǎn)生諧振,對共面地結(jié)構(gòu)引入非對稱微擾實現(xiàn)圓極化,仿真設(shè)計了一款應(yīng)用于WiMax和WLAN的雙頻圓極化微帶天線。第二部分主要完成了對超寬帶微帶天線的研究與設(shè)計,首先基于PIFA天線結(jié)構(gòu)本身Q值較低、易于展寬帶寬和不需要額外添加匹配網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)點,通過彎折輻射枝節(jié)實現(xiàn)天線的小型化設(shè)計,加入短路貼片使貼片之間產(chǎn)生耦合,提高天線帶寬,最終設(shè)計天線在低頻處的比例帶寬可達(dá)63%,并對天線進(jìn)行加工測試,測試與仿真結(jié)果吻合。其次,采用切割矩形輻射貼片形成多邊輻射貼片的方法設(shè)計了一款帶寬可達(dá)74%的超寬帶微帶天線,使用凹形地板來改善天線帶寬,同時考慮到超寬帶天線在電磁波的傳播過程中,會受到WLAN頻段的電磁干擾問題,在超寬帶天線上加入U形縫隙陷波結(jié)構(gòu)來消除存在的電磁干擾問題,實現(xiàn)對WLAN頻段的有效陷波,提高了超寬帶天線的抗干擾能力。第三部分主要對一種簡單2x 2微帶天線陣進(jìn)行研究,采用開U形槽的矩形輻射貼片作為基本輻射陣元,將該微帶陣列天線的性能參數(shù)與一般微帶單元天線進(jìn)行對比,仿真方向圖具有較強(qiáng)的方向性,增益相對較高,可達(dá)13.5dB,并且?guī)捯驳玫搅艘恍┨岣摺?br/>[Abstract]:Antenna plays an important role in radiating and receiving radio waves in modern wireless communication. The premise of communication system is to have an antenna with good performance. At present, the pursuit of wireless communication technology is manifested in the strong dependence on various intelligent, multi-functional handheld devices and the high requirement for the speed of information transmission. The intelligence and multifunction of the equipment means that the antenna is multi-frequency. Antenna bandwidth affects communication efficiency, so small, multi-frequency and broadband antenna technology has become the mainstream antenna design trend, and plays an important role in the development of modern communication systems. In this paper, the theory of microstrip antenna, the development trend of multi-frequency antenna and broadband technology are introduced, and the research and design of microstrip antenna are completed in three parts. In the first part, two kinds of multi-frequency microstrip antennas are designed. Firstly, aiming at the miniaturization of the antennas, the Sierpinski triangular fractal structure with full filling and self-similarity is adopted. In addition, the microstrip radiation section which is easy to adjust is added to the fractal antenna structure to improve the resonant characteristics of the antenna and widen the antenna bandwidth. Secondly, using the basic model of coplanar waveguide antenna, the resonance is generated by U-shaped radiation patch, and the circular polarization is realized by introducing asymmetric perturbation to the coplanar ground structure. A dual-frequency circularly polarized microstrip antenna for WiMax and WLAN is designed by simulation. In the second part, the research and design of UWB microstrip antenna are completed. Firstly, based on the low Q value of PIFA antenna structure, it is easy to widen the bandwidth and do not need to add additional matching network. The antenna miniaturization design is realized by bending radiation section, the coupling between the patches is produced by adding short circuit patch, and the bandwidth of antenna is increased. Finally, the proportion bandwidth of antenna at low frequency can be up to 63x, and the processing test of antenna is carried out. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Secondly, an ultra-wideband microstrip antenna with a bandwidth of 74% is designed by cutting the rectangular radiation patch to form a multilateral radiation patch. The concave floor is used to improve the bandwidth of the antenna. At the same time, considering that the UWB antenna will be affected by the electromagnetic interference in the WLAN band during the electromagnetic wave propagation, the U-shaped slot notch structure is added to the UWB antenna to eliminate the existing electromagnetic interference problem and to realize the effective notch wave in the WLAN band. The anti-jamming ability of UWB antenna is improved. In the third part, a simple 2x2 microstrip antenna array is studied. Using the U-shaped slot rectangular radiation patch as the basic radiation array element, the performance parameters of the microstrip array antenna are compared with the general microstrip element antenna. The simulation pattern has a strong directivity, a relatively high gain, up to 13.5 dB, and the bandwidth has been improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN822

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