【摘要】：隨著信息科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,無線電系統(tǒng)正得到越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用。這對(duì)無線系統(tǒng)的最前端-天線提出了更高的要求,如期望天線具有寬波束特性擴(kuò)展信號(hào)的覆蓋范圍,寬頻帶或者多頻帶特性增大信息容量,多極化或者圓極化特性以增強(qiáng)抗多徑干擾的能力。本文針對(duì)相控陣天線大角度掃描以及通信系統(tǒng)緩解多徑衰落的需要,對(duì)寬波束天線及其陣列,多極化天線的應(yīng)用開展了一系列的研究,給出了相應(yīng)的解決方案。本論文的主要內(nèi)容和工作概括如下:1.對(duì)寬波束天線及其陣列,多極化天線帶寬擴(kuò)展技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析與回顧。盡管在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)展,但仍然存在大量的技術(shù)難題需要解決。2.提出了一種基于雙模諧振的平面寬波束天線。這款天線通過電偶極子把能量饋入兩個(gè)諧振腔而產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)諧振點(diǎn),每個(gè)諧振腔僅有一邊開路而在孔徑上產(chǎn)生等效磁流,因此天線在E面具有近似全向的輻射特性。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,E面的半功率波束寬度與傳統(tǒng)微帶天線相比有很大地?cái)U(kuò)展,產(chǎn)生的兩個(gè)工作模式也增加了帶寬。采用這款寬波束單元組成了間距為半波長(zhǎng)的8單元相控陣,并研究其寬角掃描特性。天線陣列保持了單元良好的阻抗匹配和寬波束特性,單元之間耦合較小。結(jié)果表明,主波束可以從-60度掃描到+60度而保持增益的變化在3dB以內(nèi),掃描的3dB波束寬度覆蓋-76度到+78度。最后運(yùn)用混合的入侵雜草和粒子群算法對(duì)口徑電流分布進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,副瓣電平得到明顯地降低。3.基于基片集成波導(dǎo)腔體的結(jié)構(gòu)提出了一種工作在5.7GHz的平面微帶天線。這款天線基于磁偶極子的工作模式展寬波束,測(cè)試結(jié)果表明E面的半功率波束寬度為145度,H面的半功率波束寬度為110度,具有應(yīng)用在大角度掃描陣列的潛力;提出了一款利用倒F天線旋轉(zhuǎn)組陣構(gòu)成的軸比寬波束圓極化天線,并對(duì)其陣列的掃描特性進(jìn)行了研究。4.提出了一種結(jié)構(gòu)新穎的喇叭圓極化天線。這款天線利用金屬片切割圓波導(dǎo)的TE11主模產(chǎn)生幅度相等,相位差為90度的正交電場(chǎng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)圓極化,然后通過旋轉(zhuǎn)組陣的方法提高陣列天線的圓極化性能,同時(shí)還研究了等幅和幅度加權(quán)兩種情況下陣列的寬角掃描特性。5.對(duì)雙極化和圓極化天線的帶寬拓展進(jìn)行了一系列有益地探索。雙極化介質(zhì)諧振器天線利用一個(gè)諧振器中的TE111模和TE113模實(shí)現(xiàn)雙頻帶,并采用了平衡饋電的結(jié)構(gòu)抵消掉交叉極化分量,將極化隔離度提高到-60dB;利用蝶形天線的寬帶特性設(shè)計(jì)了一款工作在1.5-2.18GHz的圓極化天線,方向圖保持了良好的對(duì)稱性;根據(jù)分形結(jié)構(gòu)加載在圓環(huán)槽產(chǎn)生多個(gè)電流路徑的機(jī)理,設(shè)計(jì)出一款結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的雙頻帶圓極化微帶天線,詳細(xì)分析了分形圖案和饋電結(jié)構(gòu)的不同對(duì)天線性能的影響。6.總結(jié)與展望。對(duì)本文所做的工作進(jìn)行了回顧和總結(jié),并指出本文的不足和下一步需要做的工作。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information science and technology, radio system is more and more widely used. This puts forward higher requirements for the front-end antenna of the wireless system, such as the expectation that the antenna has wide beam characteristics to extend the coverage of the signal, and the broadband or multi-band characteristics increase the information capacity. Multipolarization or circular polarization to enhance the ability to resist multipath interference. Aiming at the need of large angle scanning of phased array antenna and mitigation of multipath fading in communication system, a series of research on the application of wide-beam antenna and its array and multi-polarization antenna are carried out in this paper, and the corresponding solutions are given. The main contents and work of this thesis are summarized as follows: 1. The research status and development trend of wide beam antenna and its array and multipolarization antenna bandwidth expansion technology are analyzed and reviewed. Although great progress has been made in this field, there are still a lot of technical problems to be solved. A planar wide beam antenna based on dual mode resonance is proposed. This antenna generates two resonance points by feeding energy into two resonators by electric dipoles. Each resonator has only one side open circuit and an equivalent magnetic current on the aperture, so the antenna has an approximate omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the E mask. The test results show that the half-power beam width of E plane is much wider than that of the traditional microstrip antenna, and the bandwidth is increased by the two operating modes. The wide beam element is used to form 8 element phased array with half wavelength spacing and its wide angle scanning characteristic is studied. The antenna array maintains good impedance matching and wide beam characteristics, and the coupling between the elements is small. The results show that the main beam can be scanned from -60 degrees to 60 degrees with the change of gain within 3dB, and the width of scanned 3dB beam covers -76 degrees to 78 degrees. Finally, a hybrid invasive weed and particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the aperture current distribution, and the sidelobe level is obviously reduced by 3. 3%. Based on the structure of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, a planar microstrip antenna working in 5.7GHz is proposed. The test results show that the half-power beam width of E plane is 145 degrees and the half-power beam width of H plane is 110 degrees, so it has the potential to be used in large-angle scanning array. An axial ratio wide-beam circularly polarized antenna composed of inverted F antenna rotating array is proposed, and the scanning characteristics of its array are studied. A novel circular polarized horn antenna is proposed. This antenna uses an orthogonal electric field of 90 degrees phase difference to achieve circular polarization by cutting the TE11 main mode of circular waveguide. Then the circular polarization performance of array antenna is improved by rotating array. At the same time, the wide-angle scanning characteristics of the array with equal amplitude and amplitude weighting are studied. A series of useful explorations are made to expand the bandwidth of dual polarization and circular polarization antennas. The dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna uses the TE111 mode and TE113 mode in one resonator to realize the dual-frequency band. The balanced feed structure is used to cancel the cross-polarization component, and the polarization isolation is increased to -60 dB. Based on the wideband characteristics of the butterfly antenna, a circular polarization antenna working in 1.5-2.18GHz is designed, and the pattern keeps a good symmetry. According to the mechanism that the fractal structure is loaded into the ring groove to generate multiple current paths, a compact dual-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna is designed. The effects of the fractal pattern and the feed structure on the antenna performance are analyzed in detail. Summary and prospect. This paper reviews and summarizes the work done in this paper, and points out the shortcomings of this paper and the work to be done in the next step.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN820

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