【摘要】：在大多數(shù)探測雷達和防撞雷達系統(tǒng)中,為了能夠迅速準確地捕獲目標,都要求收發(fā)天線具備窄波束和抗干擾的性能。為了實現(xiàn)在水平面內的高分辨率掃描的功能,一般使用具有扇形波束的天線,其有很多種實現(xiàn)方式。本文的主要研究對象為采用拋物反射面的金屬平板天線。在此類天線中,反射面形狀為二維拋物線,其上下底板利用兩塊金屬平板制成,金屬平板的末端張開,進而實現(xiàn)垂直方向波束寬度的控制。喇叭饋源置于平板之間,對反射面進行照射,利用反射面的口徑寬度產(chǎn)生水平方向上的窄波束。天線適用于機械掃描的系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)饋源的位置,論文主要內容分為以下部分:(1)正饋型拋物反射面天線的研究。當拋物面采用水平對稱的配置時,將饋源放置在反射面的中軸線上,即構成了正饋拋物反射面天線。此天線是常規(guī)三維拋物面天線的平面版本,由仿真結果可知,其性能欠佳,主要原因是相對較大的饋源遮擋效應。(2)偏饋型天線和糖鏟型天線的研究。當采用不對稱的反射面和偏置的饋源設計時,由于饋源不處于反射區(qū),能夠極大地減少饋源的遮擋效應。將饋源和反射面結構整體連接閉合時,即構成了所謂的糖鏟型天線。由仿真結果可知,采用偏饋設計雖然能夠解決正饋設計時的遮擋問題,但結構的不對稱性造成了水平面內輻射方向圖的不對稱。(3)雙層正饋型天線的研究。提出了一種新型的雙層正饋拋物反射面天線,其饋源與反射面置于不同的隔層,既保留了正饋型天線結構與方向圖對稱的優(yōu)點,也解決了遮擋效應。通過全波仿真及優(yōu)化設計,進行了實物加工,并進行測試。實驗結果驗證了設計的有效性。
[Abstract]:In most detection and collision prevention radar systems, in order to capture targets quickly and accurately, the antenna is required to have narrow beam and anti-jamming performance. In order to realize the function of high resolution scanning in horizontal plane, the antenna with sector beam is generally used, and there are many ways to realize it. The main research object of this paper is the metal plate antenna with parabolic reflector. In this kind of antenna, the reflector is a two-dimensional parabola, and its upper and lower plates are made of two metal plates, the ends of the metal plates are opened, and the vertical beam width is controlled. The horn feed is placed between the plates to illuminate the reflector, and the narrow beam in horizontal direction is generated by the aperture width of the reflector. The antenna is suitable for mechanical scanning system. According to the position of feed, the main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the research of parabolic reflector antenna with positive feed. When the parabola is disposed horizontally, the feed is placed on the central axis of the reflector, which forms a positive feedback parabolic reflector antenna. This antenna is a plane version of a conventional three-dimensional paraboloid antenna. The simulation results show that the performance of the antenna is poor, mainly due to the relatively large shielding effect of the feed source. (2) the research on the skewed feed antenna and the sugar type antenna. When the asymmetric reflector and the biased feed are designed, the shielding effect of the feed can be greatly reduced because the feed is not in the reflection region. When the feed and reflector structure are connected and closed, the so-called sugar shovel antenna is formed. From the simulation results, we can see that the skew feed design can solve the occlusion problem in the forward feed design, but the asymmetry of the structure results in the asymmetry of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. (3) the research of the double-layer forward fed antenna. A new type of double-layer parabolic reflector antenna is proposed in which the feed and reflection surface are placed in different interlayers, which not only preserves the advantages of symmetry of the structure and pattern of the positive feed antenna, but also resolves the occlusion effect. Through the full wave simulation and optimization design, physical processing and testing. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the design.
【學位授予單位】：南京郵電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN957.2

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本文編號：2308561