【摘要】：衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)在近幾年得到了突飛猛進地發(fā)展,已經(jīng)涉及到人類生活的方方面面,特別是在精確制導(dǎo)、導(dǎo)航、定位等軍事領(lǐng)域,發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。在飛機、導(dǎo)彈、高速飛行器等高速運動物體與衛(wèi)星通信時,經(jīng)常會由于物體運動軌跡和姿態(tài)的變化使天線指向發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn),這就會導(dǎo)致通信不穩(wěn)定甚至中斷。因此,為了保證通信質(zhì)量,研究使得天線可以自適應(yīng)去對準衛(wèi)星的技術(shù)成為一個關(guān)鍵問題,衛(wèi)星跟蹤技術(shù)正是為了解決這一問題。相控陣天線因其快速波束掃描的特點,在衛(wèi)星跟蹤技術(shù)中扮演著重要角色。此外,運動平臺衛(wèi)星跟蹤系統(tǒng)是一個龐大而復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),其復(fù)雜性不僅體現(xiàn)在設(shè)計本身,其測試過程也是一個復(fù)雜而繁瑣的過程,實驗室環(huán)境下難以進行。基于這一考慮,本文設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了運動平臺衛(wèi)星跟蹤演示系統(tǒng)。主要研究運動平臺衛(wèi)星跟蹤演示系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)設(shè)計及衛(wèi)星跟蹤中涉及的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。本文首先介紹了相控陣衛(wèi)星跟蹤演示系統(tǒng)的整體方案,將系統(tǒng)劃分成信號模擬器和基帶數(shù)字信號處理兩大部分,講述了各個模塊主要實現(xiàn)的功能及其流程圖,并對兩部分之間的接口技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議進行了介紹。然后,本文對信號模擬器設(shè)計方法進行了闡述。首先介紹了運動建模涉及到的坐標系問題,然后對運動物體進行運動建模,并采用上位機來完成,建模后結(jié)合相控陣原理和波束形成理論推導(dǎo)出了模擬接收信號表示形式和傳輸形式,最后給出了接收信號模擬器的硬件實現(xiàn)方法。隨后,本文對自跟蹤基帶數(shù)字信號處理相關(guān)技術(shù)進行了研究。首先介紹了基帶單元整體框架設(shè)計,然后結(jié)合項目實際技術(shù)指標對自跟蹤關(guān)鍵技術(shù)涉及的信號預(yù)處理、搜索、比幅測角、比相測角和跟蹤濾波等算法進行了理論推導(dǎo)和仿真,最后給出了各個算法在FPGA中的實現(xiàn)方法,并對硬件實現(xiàn)結(jié)果進行了測試。最后,本文對自跟蹤基帶數(shù)字板中的主要功能模塊和自跟蹤閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)進行了測試,其中測角精度小于0.6°,跟蹤精度小于0.8°,滿足系統(tǒng)要求,并成功演示了自跟蹤過程。
[Abstract]:Satellite communication technology has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years, which has been involved in all aspects of human life, especially in the military fields such as precision guidance, navigation, positioning and so on, which plays an irreplaceable role. When high-speed moving objects such as aircraft, missiles and high-speed aircraft communicate with satellites, the antenna points are often deflected due to the changes of the motion trajectory and attitude of the objects, which will lead to instability and even interruption of communication. Therefore, in order to ensure the communication quality, it is a key problem that the antenna can self-adaptively detarget the satellite. Satellite tracking technology is to solve this problem. Phased array antenna plays an important role in satellite tracking technology because of its characteristics of fast beam scanning. In addition, the mobile platform satellite tracking system is a large and complex system, its complexity is not only reflected in the design itself, its testing process is also a complex and cumbersome process, the laboratory environment is difficult to carry out. Based on this consideration, this paper designs and implements a motion platform satellite tracking demonstration system. This paper mainly studies the architecture design of satellite tracking demonstration system and the key technologies involved in satellite tracking. This paper first introduces the overall scheme of phased array satellite tracking and demonstration system, divides the system into two parts: signal simulator and baseband digital signal processing, and describes the main functions of each module and its flow chart. The interface technology and data communication protocol between the two parts are introduced. Then, the design method of signal simulator is described in this paper. Firstly, the coordinate system of motion modeling is introduced, then the motion modeling of moving object is carried out, and the upper computer is used to complete it. After modeling, combining the principle of phased array and the theory of beamforming, the representation and transmission form of analog received signal are deduced. Finally, the hardware implementation method of the simulator is given. Then, the self-tracking baseband digital signal processing technology is studied in this paper. This paper first introduces the whole frame design of baseband unit, and then combines with the actual technical index of the project, deduces and simulates the algorithms of signal preprocessing, searching, amplitude-specific angle measurement, phase measurement and tracking filtering, which are involved in the key technologies of self-tracking. Finally, the implementation of each algorithm in FPGA is given, and the hardware implementation results are tested. Finally, the main function modules and the self-tracking closed-loop system in the self-tracking baseband digital board are tested. The angle measurement accuracy is less than 0.6 擄, and the tracking accuracy is less than 0.8 擄, which meets the system requirements, and the self-tracking process is demonstrated successfully.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN927.2

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