【摘要】：隨著科技社會(huì)的進(jìn)步以及生活水平的提高,人們對(duì)于移動(dòng)通信的需求已經(jīng)不僅僅滿足于話音、短訊等基本服務(wù),而逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎嗝襟w通信和萬物互聯(lián)。與傳統(tǒng)的移動(dòng)通信相比,面向2020年及未來的第5代(5G)移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)需要滿足更加多樣化的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景以及極致的性能挑戰(zhàn)。面向移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)場(chǎng)景,5G可以提供更快的體驗(yàn)速率和更大的帶寬接入能力;面向物聯(lián)網(wǎng)場(chǎng)景,5G可以提供更高的連接密度和更低的端到端時(shí)延。大規(guī)模多天線技術(shù)(Massive MIMO)作為5G重要的候選技術(shù),通過在基站端配置多達(dá)上百的天線,更充分地利用信道資源,抑制用戶間干擾,極大地提升頻譜效率和信道容量。同時(shí),巨大的陣列增益有效提升每個(gè)用戶的信噪比,在相同的時(shí)頻資源下支持更多的用戶通信,符合綠色通信的發(fā)展需求。無線信道作為無線通信的傳播媒介,在無線通信領(lǐng)域的研究中占據(jù)著基礎(chǔ)性的地位。無線信道的研究可以為無線通信新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,通信系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、仿真與部署提供重要的參考依據(jù)。鑒于此,本文開展了基于大規(guī)模多天線系統(tǒng)的無線信道測(cè)量與信道衰落特性分析工作。論文首先介紹了無線信道的衰落特征和測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,然后詳細(xì)介紹了開展真實(shí)場(chǎng)景無線信道測(cè)量所使用的測(cè)量系統(tǒng),提出一種頻域方法消除測(cè)量設(shè)備系統(tǒng)響應(yīng),以獲得客觀信道沖激響應(yīng),并利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室仿真與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)消除效果。在消除測(cè)量設(shè)備系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)前提下,開展大規(guī)模多天線無線信道測(cè)量與信道特性分析工作。針對(duì)室內(nèi)室外不同測(cè)量場(chǎng)景,不同測(cè)量頻點(diǎn),利用線形和圓形兩種大規(guī)模多天線陣列結(jié)構(gòu),展開了大量的實(shí)地測(cè)量�；趯�(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),著重分析了信道角度域與時(shí)延域的衰落特性。在角度域,相比于傳統(tǒng)MIMO系統(tǒng),Massive MIMO系統(tǒng)128天線陣列的角度功率譜更為全面地體現(xiàn)了到達(dá)角分布情況;在時(shí)延域,Massive MIMO系統(tǒng)128天線陣列的均方根時(shí)延在高頻點(diǎn)是平穩(wěn)的,在低頻點(diǎn)由于更小的路徑損耗與更大的障礙物反射系數(shù),導(dǎo)致均方根時(shí)延是非平穩(wěn)的。此后,又進(jìn)一步利用信道奇異值分解,探討了大規(guī)模多天線系統(tǒng)用戶信道正交性。隨著天線數(shù)目的增多,實(shí)際信道奇異值擴(kuò)展累積分布函數(shù)曲線更加接近理想獨(dú)立同分布信道,且實(shí)際信道差的傳播條件可以被很大程度地避免,用戶信道正交性得到增強(qiáng)。上述研究為大規(guī)模多天線技術(shù)的研究與商用提供了一定參考。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology society and the improvement of living standard, people's demand for mobile communication is not only satisfied with basic services such as voice, short message, but also transformed into multimedia communication and interconnection of everything. Compared with the traditional mobile communication, the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems facing 2020 and the future need to meet more diversified Internet, Internet of things application scenarios and extreme performance challenges. Mobile Internet scenario 5G can provide faster experience rate and greater bandwidth access, while IoT scenario 5G can provide higher connection density and lower end-to-end delay. As an important candidate technology of 5G, large scale multi-antenna technology (Massive MIMO) can make full use of channel resources, suppress inter-user interference and greatly improve spectrum efficiency and channel capacity by configuring up to hundreds of antennas at the base station. At the same time, the large array gain can effectively improve the SNR of each user, and support more user communications under the same time-frequency resources, which meets the development needs of green communications. As the media of wireless communication, wireless channel plays a fundamental role in the field of wireless communication. The research of wireless channel can provide important reference for the application of new wireless communication technology, the design, simulation and deployment of communication system. In view of this, wireless channel measurement and channel fading characteristic analysis based on large scale multi-antenna system are carried out in this paper. In this paper, the fading characteristics of wireless channel and the measurement data processing method are introduced, then the measurement system used in real scene wireless channel measurement is introduced in detail, and a frequency domain method is proposed to eliminate the system response of measurement equipment. In order to obtain the objective channel impulse response, the system response elimination effect is verified by laboratory simulation and measured data. On the premise of eliminating the response of measurement equipment, the work of large scale multi-antenna wireless channel measurement and channel characteristic analysis is carried out. Aiming at different indoor and outdoor measurement scenes and different measuring frequency, a large number of field measurements were carried out using linear and circular large scale multi-antenna array structures. Based on the measured data, the fading characteristics of channel angle domain and time delay domain are analyzed. In angle domain, the angular power spectrum of 128 antenna array of passive MIMO system is more comprehensive than that of conventional MIMO system, and the root mean square delay of 128 antenna array is stable at high frequency in time delay domain. At the low frequency point, the RMS delay is nonstationary due to the smaller path loss and the larger obstacle reflection coefficient. Furthermore, the channel orthogonality of large scale multi-antenna systems is discussed by using channel singular value decomposition (SVD). With the increase of the number of antennas, the spread cumulant distribution function curve of the real channel singular value is closer to the ideal independent co-distributed channel, and the propagation condition of the actual channel difference can be largely avoided, and the orthogonality of the user channel is enhanced. The above research provides a certain reference for the research and commercial of large-scale multi-antenna technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN92

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