無線傳感器網絡在測風塔氣象要素實時監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中的應用
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-06 14:01
【摘要】：近年來,氣候變化、環(huán)境污染以及世界能源危機日益加劇,可再生能源的利用和發(fā)展已經受到世界各國政府的高度重視,其中風電產業(yè)發(fā)展尤其突出。隨機性很強是風的一個顯著特性,這個特性使風力發(fā)電具有波動性、間歇性和隨機性的特點,導致風電場發(fā)電功率波動,對地區(qū)電網整體運行產生了不良影響,進而影響到了整個地區(qū)總網的電壓穩(wěn)定。為了改善和解決風力發(fā)電存在的這些問題,風電功率預測系統(tǒng)應運而生。該系統(tǒng)根據風電場有關氣象數據,利用物理模擬計算和科學統(tǒng)計方法,預測出風電場的功率,提高了風電場與電力系統(tǒng)協(xié)調運行的能力,從而實現風電高效利用和安全入網。目前風電場氣象數據采用各個測風塔獨立采集然后通過GPRS上傳的方式,但由于風電場地處偏遠且面積很大導致GPRS信號無法全部覆蓋,使得部分測風塔數據無法及時上傳,很大程度上降低了風功率預測預報的準確性。為了解決上述問題本文設計了一個基于無線傳感器網絡的測風塔氣象要素實時監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。論文首先對測風塔氣象要素監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的作用和結構做了介紹,對本系統(tǒng)所采用的關鍵技術和系統(tǒng)的設計要點做了深入分析和研究,在此基礎上完成了系統(tǒng)總體設計。系統(tǒng)采用ZigBee網絡將風電場區(qū)域的測風塔進行組網,每個測風塔上面安裝一個傳感器模塊用于采集數據,測風塔之間放置路由節(jié)點將數據轉發(fā)至網關模塊,網關模塊放置在GPRS信號較好的區(qū)域,用于收集傳感器模塊采集的數據并且使用GPRS網絡將數據轉發(fā)至中心站。論文對系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件做了詳細設計。硬件設計包括傳感器模塊和網關模塊的設計;兩個模塊的主體結構采用了STM32和CC2530相結合的方式,采用CH376模塊為系統(tǒng)增加了數據存儲和備份數據的功能,采用CC2591模塊大幅增加了系統(tǒng)ZigBee模塊的通信距離,還采用了MAX3485模塊提升了系統(tǒng)的擴展能力,并且對各個模塊之間的接口電路做了詳細的設計。系統(tǒng)的軟件設計主要包括兩部分,一是在Z-Stack協(xié)議棧的應用層添加自定義函數實現了ZigBee網絡的數據接收和發(fā)送,二是以STM32為硬件平臺進行程序設計實現了數據采集、數據處理、數據存儲和協(xié)議轉換等功能。本文設計的測風塔氣象要素采集系統(tǒng)具有擴展性好、數據存儲容量大、適應性強、成本低等特點,為風電預測預報提供了全面、實時的風電場氣象數據,較好地改善了現有系統(tǒng)的性能,提高了風電預測預報的準確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, climate change, environmental pollution and the world energy crisis are becoming more and more serious. The utilization and development of renewable energy have been attached great importance by the governments all over the world, especially the development of wind power industry. The strong randomness is a remarkable characteristic of wind, which makes wind power generation have the characteristics of volatility, intermittence and randomness, which leads to the fluctuation of wind farm power generation, which has a negative impact on the whole operation of regional power grid. Then it affects the voltage stability of the whole area network. In order to improve and solve these problems of wind power generation, wind power forecasting system arises at the historic moment. Based on the meteorological data of wind farm, the power of wind farm is predicted by physical simulation calculation and scientific statistical method, which improves the ability of coordinated operation between wind farm and power system, and realizes the efficient utilization of wind power and safe access to network. At present, wind farm meteorological data are collected independently by each wind tower and uploaded through GPRS. However, because of the remote and large area of wind farm, the GPRS signal can not be completely covered, which makes some wind tower data can not be uploaded in time. The accuracy of wind power prediction is greatly reduced. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a real-time monitoring system of wind tower meteorological elements based on wireless sensor network. Firstly, the paper introduces the function and structure of the wind tower meteorological element monitoring system, and makes a thorough analysis and research on the key technology and the design key points of the system, and then completes the overall design of the system. The system uses the ZigBee network to network the wind tower in the wind farm area. A sensor module is installed on each wind tower to collect data, and a routing node is placed between the wind towers to transmit the data to the gateway module. The gateway module is placed in the area where the GPRS signal is better. It is used to collect the data collected by the sensor module and forward the data to the central station using the GPRS network. The hardware and software of the system are designed in detail. The hardware design includes the design of sensor module and gateway module, the main structure of the two modules adopts the combination of STM32 and CC2530, and the CH376 module adds the functions of data storage and backup for the system. The communication distance of the system ZigBee module is greatly increased by using CC2591 module, and the extension ability of the system is improved by using the MAX3485 module, and the interface circuit between each module is designed in detail. The software design of the system mainly includes two parts. One is to add the custom function in the application layer of the Z-Stack protocol stack to realize the data receiving and sending of the ZigBee network; the other is to design and implement the data acquisition and data processing based on the STM32 hardware platform. Data storage and protocol conversion and other functions. The wind tower meteorological element acquisition system designed in this paper has the characteristics of good expansibility, large data storage capacity, strong adaptability and low cost. It provides comprehensive and real-time wind farm meteorological data for wind power forecasting and forecasting. The performance of the existing system is improved and the accuracy of wind power forecast is improved.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM614;TP212.9;TN929.5
本文編號：2226572
[Abstract]:In recent years, climate change, environmental pollution and the world energy crisis are becoming more and more serious. The utilization and development of renewable energy have been attached great importance by the governments all over the world, especially the development of wind power industry. The strong randomness is a remarkable characteristic of wind, which makes wind power generation have the characteristics of volatility, intermittence and randomness, which leads to the fluctuation of wind farm power generation, which has a negative impact on the whole operation of regional power grid. Then it affects the voltage stability of the whole area network. In order to improve and solve these problems of wind power generation, wind power forecasting system arises at the historic moment. Based on the meteorological data of wind farm, the power of wind farm is predicted by physical simulation calculation and scientific statistical method, which improves the ability of coordinated operation between wind farm and power system, and realizes the efficient utilization of wind power and safe access to network. At present, wind farm meteorological data are collected independently by each wind tower and uploaded through GPRS. However, because of the remote and large area of wind farm, the GPRS signal can not be completely covered, which makes some wind tower data can not be uploaded in time. The accuracy of wind power prediction is greatly reduced. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a real-time monitoring system of wind tower meteorological elements based on wireless sensor network. Firstly, the paper introduces the function and structure of the wind tower meteorological element monitoring system, and makes a thorough analysis and research on the key technology and the design key points of the system, and then completes the overall design of the system. The system uses the ZigBee network to network the wind tower in the wind farm area. A sensor module is installed on each wind tower to collect data, and a routing node is placed between the wind towers to transmit the data to the gateway module. The gateway module is placed in the area where the GPRS signal is better. It is used to collect the data collected by the sensor module and forward the data to the central station using the GPRS network. The hardware and software of the system are designed in detail. The hardware design includes the design of sensor module and gateway module, the main structure of the two modules adopts the combination of STM32 and CC2530, and the CH376 module adds the functions of data storage and backup for the system. The communication distance of the system ZigBee module is greatly increased by using CC2591 module, and the extension ability of the system is improved by using the MAX3485 module, and the interface circuit between each module is designed in detail. The software design of the system mainly includes two parts. One is to add the custom function in the application layer of the Z-Stack protocol stack to realize the data receiving and sending of the ZigBee network; the other is to design and implement the data acquisition and data processing based on the STM32 hardware platform. Data storage and protocol conversion and other functions. The wind tower meteorological element acquisition system designed in this paper has the characteristics of good expansibility, large data storage capacity, strong adaptability and low cost. It provides comprehensive and real-time wind farm meteorological data for wind power forecasting and forecasting. The performance of the existing system is improved and the accuracy of wind power forecast is improved.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM614;TP212.9;TN929.5
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