【摘要】：近年來,氣候變化、環(huán)境污染以及世界能源危機(jī)日益加劇,可再生能源的利用和發(fā)展已經(jīng)受到世界各國政府的高度重視,其中風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展尤其突出。隨機(jī)性很強(qiáng)是風(fēng)的一個(gè)顯著特性,這個(gè)特性使風(fēng)力發(fā)電具有波動(dòng)性、間歇性和隨機(jī)性的特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致風(fēng)電場(chǎng)發(fā)電功率波動(dòng),對(duì)地區(qū)電網(wǎng)整體運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生了不良影響,進(jìn)而影響到了整個(gè)地區(qū)總網(wǎng)的電壓穩(wěn)定。為了改善和解決風(fēng)力發(fā)電存在的這些問題,風(fēng)電功率預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。該系統(tǒng)根據(jù)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)有關(guān)氣象數(shù)據(jù),利用物理模擬計(jì)算和科學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,預(yù)測(cè)出風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的功率,提高了風(fēng)電場(chǎng)與電力系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)行的能力,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)電高效利用和安全入網(wǎng)。目前風(fēng)電場(chǎng)氣象數(shù)據(jù)采用各個(gè)測(cè)風(fēng)塔獨(dú)立采集然后通過GPRS上傳的方式,但由于風(fēng)電場(chǎng)地處偏遠(yuǎn)且面積很大導(dǎo)致GPRS信號(hào)無法全部覆蓋,使得部分測(cè)風(fēng)塔數(shù)據(jù)無法及時(shí)上傳,很大程度上降低了風(fēng)功率預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)的準(zhǔn)確性。為了解決上述問題本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的測(cè)風(fēng)塔氣象要素實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。論文首先對(duì)測(cè)風(fēng)塔氣象要素監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的作用和結(jié)構(gòu)做了介紹,對(duì)本系統(tǒng)所采用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)做了深入分析和研究,在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)采用ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)將風(fēng)電場(chǎng)區(qū)域的測(cè)風(fēng)塔進(jìn)行組網(wǎng),每個(gè)測(cè)風(fēng)塔上面安裝一個(gè)傳感器模塊用于采集數(shù)據(jù),測(cè)風(fēng)塔之間放置路由節(jié)點(diǎn)將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊,網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊放置在GPRS信號(hào)較好的區(qū)域,用于收集傳感器模塊采集的數(shù)據(jù)并且使用GPRS網(wǎng)絡(luò)將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至中心站。論文對(duì)系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件做了詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。硬件設(shè)計(jì)包括傳感器模塊和網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊的設(shè)計(jì);兩個(gè)模塊的主體結(jié)構(gòu)采用了STM32和CC2530相結(jié)合的方式,采用CH376模塊為系統(tǒng)增加了數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和備份數(shù)據(jù)的功能,采用CC2591模塊大幅增加了系統(tǒng)ZigBee模塊的通信距離,還采用了MAX3485模塊提升了系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展能力,并且對(duì)各個(gè)模塊之間的接口電路做了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)主要包括兩部分,一是在Z-Stack協(xié)議棧的應(yīng)用層添加自定義函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)接收和發(fā)送,二是以STM32為硬件平臺(tái)進(jìn)行程序設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換等功能。本文設(shè)計(jì)的測(cè)風(fēng)塔氣象要素采集系統(tǒng)具有擴(kuò)展性好、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)容量大、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、成本低等特點(diǎn),為風(fēng)電預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)提供了全面、實(shí)時(shí)的風(fēng)電場(chǎng)氣象數(shù)據(jù),較好地改善了現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的性能,提高了風(fēng)電預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, climate change, environmental pollution and the world energy crisis are becoming more and more serious. The utilization and development of renewable energy have been attached great importance by the governments all over the world, especially the development of wind power industry. The strong randomness is a remarkable characteristic of wind, which makes wind power generation have the characteristics of volatility, intermittence and randomness, which leads to the fluctuation of wind farm power generation, which has a negative impact on the whole operation of regional power grid. Then it affects the voltage stability of the whole area network. In order to improve and solve these problems of wind power generation, wind power forecasting system arises at the historic moment. Based on the meteorological data of wind farm, the power of wind farm is predicted by physical simulation calculation and scientific statistical method, which improves the ability of coordinated operation between wind farm and power system, and realizes the efficient utilization of wind power and safe access to network. At present, wind farm meteorological data are collected independently by each wind tower and uploaded through GPRS. However, because of the remote and large area of wind farm, the GPRS signal can not be completely covered, which makes some wind tower data can not be uploaded in time. The accuracy of wind power prediction is greatly reduced. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a real-time monitoring system of wind tower meteorological elements based on wireless sensor network. Firstly, the paper introduces the function and structure of the wind tower meteorological element monitoring system, and makes a thorough analysis and research on the key technology and the design key points of the system, and then completes the overall design of the system. The system uses the ZigBee network to network the wind tower in the wind farm area. A sensor module is installed on each wind tower to collect data, and a routing node is placed between the wind towers to transmit the data to the gateway module. The gateway module is placed in the area where the GPRS signal is better. It is used to collect the data collected by the sensor module and forward the data to the central station using the GPRS network. The hardware and software of the system are designed in detail. The hardware design includes the design of sensor module and gateway module, the main structure of the two modules adopts the combination of STM32 and CC2530, and the CH376 module adds the functions of data storage and backup for the system. The communication distance of the system ZigBee module is greatly increased by using CC2591 module, and the extension ability of the system is improved by using the MAX3485 module, and the interface circuit between each module is designed in detail. The software design of the system mainly includes two parts. One is to add the custom function in the application layer of the Z-Stack protocol stack to realize the data receiving and sending of the ZigBee network; the other is to design and implement the data acquisition and data processing based on the STM32 hardware platform. Data storage and protocol conversion and other functions. The wind tower meteorological element acquisition system designed in this paper has the characteristics of good expansibility, large data storage capacity, strong adaptability and low cost. It provides comprehensive and real-time wind farm meteorological data for wind power forecasting and forecasting. The performance of the existing system is improved and the accuracy of wind power forecast is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM614;TP212.9;TN929.5

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