【摘要】：無線頻譜資源是一種有限且極其寶貴的自然資源,為了高效的利用這些頻譜資源,世界各國科學工作者提出了許多先進的通信技術來提高頻譜的利用率,其中一種是本論文所重點關注的天線分集技術。天線分集技術主要包括四種類型:空間分集、極化分集、方向圖分集和頻率分集。極化分集天線不但能夠成倍的增加信道容量,還能實現(xiàn)天線單元和頻率的復用,因而近年來受到了越來越多的重視。在公開發(fā)表的文獻中,常提及的多為雙線極化和雙圓極化天線,而三種極化或四種極化的天線卻比較少見。本文選取微帶貼片天線作為基本的天線結構,對多極化技術進行了深入的研究。第一章介紹了本文工作的研究背景以及多極化天線的發(fā)展歷程,并對近年來多極化天線的研究進展進行了總結。第二章為本論文工作所涉及的基本概念和原理。首先,介紹了微帶貼片天線的基本工作原理和微帶貼片天線的三種不同分析方法,包括傳輸線模型、空腔模型和全波仿真法,同時,還給出了微帶貼片天線的設計方法。最后介紹了天線極化的基本概念及其應用。第三章介紹了一款基于微帶天線設計的、應用于2.4GHz的低剖面寬頻帶雙極化天線,該天線由四個弧狀T形結構、圓形貼片以及差分饋電網絡構成,弧狀T形結構加載于圓形貼片的四周。由于加載有四個弧狀T形枝節(jié),在主諧振的附近產生了一個寄生諧振,從而拓展了天線的工作帶寬。仿真和測試結果表明,在2.4-2.5GHz內天線獲得了良好的阻抗匹配和雙極化性能且具有極低的交叉極化。同時該天線具有非常低的剖面高度,其厚度僅有0.031λ,相比于其他類似天線更加輕薄小巧。第四章介紹了 一款基于便捷切換饋電網絡的四極化天線,該天線主要包含輻射貼片和饋電網絡兩個部分。其中,饋電網絡由威爾金森功分器、慢波傳輸線、謝夫曼移相器、分支線混合網絡和電橋等多種微波無源器件構成,通過控制饋電網絡的饋電方式分別實現(xiàn)了+45°線極化、-45°線極化、左旋圓極化和右旋圓極化四種不同的極化工作模式。天線性能通過仿真和樣品測試進行了驗證。第五章總結了全文工作,分析并給出了本文的一些不足之處以及后續(xù)的改進方向。
[Abstract]:Wireless spectrum resource is a kind of limited and extremely precious natural resources. In order to make efficient use of these spectrum resources, many advanced communication technologies have been put forward by scientists all over the world to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization. One of them is antenna diversity, which is the focus of this paper. Antenna diversity includes four types: spatial diversity, polarization diversity, pattern diversity and frequency diversity. Polarization diversity antenna can not only increase the channel capacity exponentially, but also realize the multiplexing of antenna elements and frequencies, so it has been paid more and more attention in recent years. In the published literatures, the most commonly mentioned antennas are two-line polarization and double-circular polarization antenna, but three or four polarization antennas are rare. In this paper, the microstrip patch antenna is selected as the basic antenna structure, and the multi-polarization technique is deeply studied. In the first chapter, the research background and the development history of multi-polarization antenna are introduced, and the research progress of multi-polarization antenna in recent years is summarized. The second chapter is the basic concepts and principles involved in this paper. Firstly, the basic principle of microstrip patch antenna and three different analysis methods of microstrip patch antenna are introduced, including transmission line model, cavity model and full-wave simulation method. At the same time, the design method of microstrip patch antenna is also presented. Finally, the basic concept and application of antenna polarization are introduced. In chapter 3, a low profile broadband dual-polarization antenna based on microstrip antenna for 2.4GHz is introduced. The antenna is composed of four arcuate T-shaped structures, circular patch and differential feed network. The arc T-shaped structure is loaded around the circular patch. Due to the loading of four arcuate T-shaped branches, a parasitic resonance is generated near the main resonance, which extends the bandwidth of the antenna. The simulation and test results show that the antenna has good impedance matching and dual polarization performance in 2.4-2.5GHz and has very low cross-polarization. At the same time, the antenna has a very low profile height and its thickness is only 0.031 位, which is lighter and smaller than other similar antennas. In chapter 4, a four-polarization antenna based on convenient switching feed network is introduced. The antenna consists of two parts: radiation patch and feed network. Among them, the feed network is composed of Wilkinson power divider, slow wave transmission line, Schaffman phase shifter, branch line hybrid network and bridge, etc. By controlling the feed mode of the feed network, four different polarization modes, namely 45 擄line polarization, left circle polarization and right circle polarization, are realized respectively. The antenna performance is verified by simulation and sample test. The fifth chapter summarizes the work of this paper, analyzes and gives some shortcomings of this paper and the direction of further improvement.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN820

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