【摘要】：將無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)擴(kuò)展到IP網(wǎng)絡(luò),實(shí)現(xiàn)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)和Internet的互聯(lián)互通,是WSN走向產(chǎn)業(yè)化過程中急需解決的問題之一,也是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)與Internet發(fā)展的必然趨勢。此外,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功耗,一直是限制整個低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的瓶頸。有效降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)功耗,特別是根節(jié)點(diǎn)周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)的功耗,關(guān)系到整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的有效存活時間。但是目前基于6LoWPAN(IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks)的邊緣路由器存在著只適用與IPv6設(shè)備互聯(lián)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)報(bào)文傳輸復(fù)雜繁瑣、邊緣路由器映射表復(fù)雜而且開銷大等缺點(diǎn),基于RPL的低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,節(jié)點(diǎn)長時間運(yùn)行后,網(wǎng)絡(luò)會出現(xiàn)能量不均衡、易波動,路由選擇欠佳等問題。針對這些問題本文重點(diǎn)研究了以下內(nèi)容:(1)引入IEEE 802.15.4地址概念對6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)報(bào)文交互方式與數(shù)據(jù)包格式進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,針對6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)與IPv4互聯(lián)互通問題,提出一種6LoWPAN與IPv4協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制以及邊緣路由器地址映射轉(zhuǎn)換方法。針對6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量均衡問題,提出一種RPL(Routing Protocol for LLN)特點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,針對該模型,設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)合度量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量均衡動態(tài)路由算法。(2)對基于NAT64的邊緣路由器和基于RPL的能量均衡路由算法進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。詳細(xì)介紹了目前IPv6和IPv4之間的過渡協(xié)議,以及RPL目標(biāo)函數(shù)及度量選擇。提出適合在8位單片機(jī)上運(yùn)行的協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換及實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,復(fù)合度量選取的依據(jù)。(3)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了輕量級系統(tǒng),最后用CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol)協(xié)議來訪問節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù),驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)與IPv4、IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的通信。設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了能量均衡路由算法,并對算法進(jìn)行仿真。本課題的研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)了6LoWPAN與IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)通信,提高了6LoWPAN內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的吞吐量,降低邊緣路由器維護(hù)地址映射表的開銷,提高了邊緣路由器效率,有效降低6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)時的功耗,提高節(jié)點(diǎn)生存時間。能量均衡路由算法在保證數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時性及完整性的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的負(fù)載均衡,仿真結(jié)果顯示,該模型適用于RPL類型網(wǎng)絡(luò),相應(yīng)算法能根據(jù)度量規(guī)則選擇最優(yōu)鏈路、最優(yōu)父節(jié)點(diǎn),同時保持網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定,有效的延長了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的有效工作時間。本課題的研究為6LoWPAN與Internet的互聯(lián)互通,6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量均衡,提供了理論依據(jù)及技術(shù)支持,對解決6LoWPAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)的產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題以及有效生存時間問題,具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和使用價值。
[Abstract]:Extending wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN) to IP network to realize the interconnection between wireless sensor network and Internet is one of the problems that need to be solved in the process of WSN industrialization. It is also the inevitable trend of the development of wireless sensor network and Internet. In addition, the power consumption of wireless sensor networks has been the bottleneck to limit the whole life cycle of low-power lossy networks. Effectively reducing the power consumption of the network, especially the power consumption of the nodes around the root node, is related to the effective survival time of the whole network. However, at present, the edge router based on 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks) is only suitable for interconnection with IPv6 devices, the transmission of network packets is complicated and cumbersome, the mapping table of edge router is complex and expensive, and so on. In the low power consumption lossy network based on RPL, the edge router has some disadvantages. After the node runs for a long time, the network will appear energy imbalance, easy to fluctuate, poor routing and other problems. This paper focuses on the following aspects: (1) introduce the concept of IEEE 802.15.4 address to optimize the packet format and message interaction mode in 6LoWPAN network, aiming at the problem of interconnection between 6LoWPAN network and IPv4. This paper presents a protocol translation mechanism between 6LoWPAN and IPv4 and an address mapping method for edge routers. Aiming at the problem of energy balance in 6LoWPAN network, a network model with RPL (Routing Protocol for LLN) characteristics is proposed. The energy balance dynamic routing algorithm based on compound metrics is designed. (2) the edge router based on NAT64 and the energy equalization routing algorithm based on RPL are designed. The transition protocol between IPv6 and IPv4, RPL objective function and metric selection are introduced in detail. The protocol conversion and implementation method suitable for running on 8-bit single-chip computer are put forward. (3) the lightweight system is designed and implemented. Finally, CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) protocol is used to access node data and verify the system. The communication between 6LoWPAN network and IPv4,IPv6 network is realized. The energy balance routing algorithm is designed and implemented, and the algorithm is simulated. The research of this subject realizes the communication between 6LoWPAN and IPv4 network, improves the throughput of 6LoWPAN network, reduces the overhead of maintaining address mapping table for edge routers, improves the efficiency of edge routers, and effectively reduces the power consumption when 6LoWPAN networks transmit data. Improve the survival time of nodes. The energy balance routing algorithm realizes the load balance of the whole network under the condition of ensuring the real-time and integrity of the data. The simulation results show that the model is suitable for the RPL type network, and the corresponding algorithm can select the optimal link according to the measurement rules. The optimal parent node, while maintaining network stability, effectively prolongs the effective working time of the network. The research of this topic provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the energy balance of 6LoWPAN and Internet interworking 6LoWPAN network. It has important practical significance and practical value to solve the problem of industrialization of 6LoWPAN network and the problem of effective survival time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN92

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本文編號：2221142