可調(diào)諧的鈮酸鋰光波導(dǎo)模分復(fù)用器研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 07:51
【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)光通信系統(tǒng)傳輸容量的需求越來越大,但傳統(tǒng)單模光纖傳輸技術(shù)因?yàn)槿萘肯拗茊栴}最終將無法滿足人們的需求。而模分復(fù)用技術(shù)引入了空間正交模式作為一個(gè)新的自由度,能夠在很大程度上提高光通信系統(tǒng)的傳輸容量,而備受關(guān)注。模分復(fù)用器/解復(fù)用器是模分復(fù)用系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,其中基于平面光波導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)的模分復(fù)用器/解復(fù)用器則具有結(jié)構(gòu)靈活,材料眾多,易于實(shí)現(xiàn)可調(diào)諧特性,易于與光纖耦合等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。一方面,可調(diào)諧特性可以調(diào)整器件的耦合中心波長(zhǎng),降低器件的制作難度。另一方面,可調(diào)諧特性還可用于實(shí)現(xiàn)模式開關(guān)或模式路由。目前,光波導(dǎo)器件的調(diào)諧方式主要有利用熱光效應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的熱光調(diào)諧和利用電光效應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的電光調(diào)諧。由于熱光調(diào)諧的速度較慢,因此在高速應(yīng)用的情況下,電光調(diào)諧是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。為實(shí)現(xiàn)電光調(diào)諧特性,應(yīng)采用電光材料來制作波導(dǎo)器件,而電光系數(shù)較大的鈮酸鋰晶體材料不失為最好的選擇。當(dāng)前,鈮酸鋰光波導(dǎo)的制作工藝主要有鈦擴(kuò)散和退火質(zhì)子交換。其中退火質(zhì)子交換工藝可以通過匹配退火和質(zhì)子交換參數(shù)來調(diào)整波導(dǎo)的折射率,其可控因素更多。本論文提出采用退火質(zhì)子交換工藝來實(shí)現(xiàn)一種基于非對(duì)稱定向耦合器結(jié)構(gòu)的可調(diào)諧的鈮酸鋰光波導(dǎo)模分復(fù)用器,由于該器件在電場(chǎng)作用下,其工作的中心波長(zhǎng)及相應(yīng)的耦合效率均可以基于電光效應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)諧,因此該器件除了作為普通的模分復(fù)用器使用外,更重要的是可以用作可調(diào)諧的寬帶模式開關(guān),從而極大地增大了該器件應(yīng)用的靈活性。論文首先采用有效折射率分析方法,結(jié)合MATLAB仿真軟件求解出鈮酸鋰光波導(dǎo)的色散曲線,繼而得出理論上可滿足相位匹配條件的單模波導(dǎo)和雙模波導(dǎo)的尺寸范圍。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用退火質(zhì)子交換工藝來制作鈮酸鋰單模以及雙模光波導(dǎo),使用棱鏡耦合儀來測(cè)量波導(dǎo)的折射率,根據(jù)測(cè)量結(jié)果分析了質(zhì)子交換和退火對(duì)波導(dǎo)折射率的影響,并得到實(shí)驗(yàn)上大致滿足相位匹配條件的單模波導(dǎo)和雙模波導(dǎo)尺寸。進(jìn)一步地,根據(jù)以上分析,設(shè)計(jì)器件的大致結(jié)構(gòu),并采用BPM仿真軟件對(duì)波導(dǎo)非對(duì)稱定向耦合器結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仿真分析,從而得出理論上可達(dá)到完全耦合時(shí)器件的耦合間距、耦合長(zhǎng)度以及其他參數(shù)。結(jié)合以上分析,設(shè)計(jì)合理的光波導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)以及相應(yīng)電極結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。其次,根據(jù)以上分析設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)制作了相應(yīng)的波導(dǎo)及電極掩膜版,并研究了交換及退火參數(shù)對(duì)相位匹配條件的影響,同時(shí)也研究了低損耗光波導(dǎo)的制作工藝及高質(zhì)量電極的制作工藝。接下來,根據(jù)這些工藝參數(shù)研制了本論文所提出的可調(diào)諧的鈮酸鋰光波導(dǎo)模分復(fù)用器。最后,對(duì)制作成功的器件進(jìn)行了測(cè)試及分析。主要測(cè)試的參數(shù)包括器件的傳輸光譜、近場(chǎng)輸出以及插入損耗等。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明器件不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了模分復(fù)用器的功能,更實(shí)現(xiàn)了耦合效率及中心波長(zhǎng)均可調(diào)諧的寬帶模式開關(guān)功能。其中電光調(diào)諧的靈敏度約為5 nm/V,且當(dāng)工作波長(zhǎng)為1562 nm,調(diào)諧電壓為9 V時(shí),隔離度可達(dá)27 dB。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet technology, the demand for transmission capacity of optical communication system is increasing, but the traditional single-mode fiber transmission technology can not meet the demand of people because of the capacity limitation. The spatial orthogonal mode is introduced into the mode division multiplexing technology as a new degree of freedom, which can greatly improve the optical communication. The mode division multiplexer/demultiplexer is an important part of the mode division multiplexing system, in which the mode division multiplexer/demultiplexer based on planar optical waveguide structure has many advantages, such as flexible structure, numerous materials, easy to realize tunable characteristics, easy to couple with optical fiber and so on. On the other hand, tunable characteristics can also be used to realize mode switching or mode routing. At present, the main tuning methods of optical waveguide devices are thermo-optic tuning using thermo-optic effect and electro-optic tuning using thermo-optic effect. Therefore, electro-optic tuning is a good choice for high-speed applications. In order to achieve electro-optic tuning characteristics, electro-optic materials should be used to fabricate waveguide devices, while lithium niobate crystals with large electro-optic coefficients are the best choice. The annealed proton exchange process can adjust the refractive index of waveguides by matching annealing and proton exchange parameters, which has more controllable factors.In this paper, a tunable LiNbO_3 optical waveguide mode division multiplexer based on asymmetric directional coupler structure is proposed. The central wavelength and the corresponding coupling efficiency can be tuned based on the electro-optic effect, so the device can be used as a tunable broadband mode switch in addition to the ordinary mode division multiplexer, which greatly increases the flexibility of the device. Methods The dispersion curves of LiNbO_3 waveguides were solved by MATLAB simulation software, and the size ranges of single-mode waveguides and dual-mode waveguides which can satisfy the phase-matching conditions theoretically were obtained. The influence of proton exchange and annealing on the refractive index of waveguides is analyzed according to the measured refractive index, and the sizes of single-mode waveguides and dual-mode waveguides which satisfy the phase matching condition are obtained experimentally. Furthermore, according to the above analysis, the general structure of the device is designed, and the structure of the waveguide asymmetric directional coupler is improved by BPM simulation software. The coupling distance, coupling length and other parameters can be obtained by simulation analysis. Combining with the above analysis, the reasonable optical waveguide structure and corresponding electrode structure parameters are designed. Secondly, the corresponding waveguide and electrode mask are fabricated according to the above analysis and design parameters, and the switching and switching are studied. The influence of annealing parameters on the phase matching condition is also studied. The fabrication process of low loss optical waveguide and the fabrication process of high quality electrode are also studied. Then, a tunable LiNbO_3 optical waveguide mode division multiplexer is developed according to these parameters. Finally, the fabricated devices are tested and analyzed. The parameters to be tested include the transmission spectrum, near-field output and insertion loss of the device. The test results show that the device not only realizes the function of the mode division multiplexer, but also realizes the broadband mode switching function with tunable coupling efficiency and central wavelength. When the harmonic voltage is 9 V, the isolation can reach 27 dB..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.1
本文編號(hào)：2216570
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet technology, the demand for transmission capacity of optical communication system is increasing, but the traditional single-mode fiber transmission technology can not meet the demand of people because of the capacity limitation. The spatial orthogonal mode is introduced into the mode division multiplexing technology as a new degree of freedom, which can greatly improve the optical communication. The mode division multiplexer/demultiplexer is an important part of the mode division multiplexing system, in which the mode division multiplexer/demultiplexer based on planar optical waveguide structure has many advantages, such as flexible structure, numerous materials, easy to realize tunable characteristics, easy to couple with optical fiber and so on. On the other hand, tunable characteristics can also be used to realize mode switching or mode routing. At present, the main tuning methods of optical waveguide devices are thermo-optic tuning using thermo-optic effect and electro-optic tuning using thermo-optic effect. Therefore, electro-optic tuning is a good choice for high-speed applications. In order to achieve electro-optic tuning characteristics, electro-optic materials should be used to fabricate waveguide devices, while lithium niobate crystals with large electro-optic coefficients are the best choice. The annealed proton exchange process can adjust the refractive index of waveguides by matching annealing and proton exchange parameters, which has more controllable factors.In this paper, a tunable LiNbO_3 optical waveguide mode division multiplexer based on asymmetric directional coupler structure is proposed. The central wavelength and the corresponding coupling efficiency can be tuned based on the electro-optic effect, so the device can be used as a tunable broadband mode switch in addition to the ordinary mode division multiplexer, which greatly increases the flexibility of the device. Methods The dispersion curves of LiNbO_3 waveguides were solved by MATLAB simulation software, and the size ranges of single-mode waveguides and dual-mode waveguides which can satisfy the phase-matching conditions theoretically were obtained. The influence of proton exchange and annealing on the refractive index of waveguides is analyzed according to the measured refractive index, and the sizes of single-mode waveguides and dual-mode waveguides which satisfy the phase matching condition are obtained experimentally. Furthermore, according to the above analysis, the general structure of the device is designed, and the structure of the waveguide asymmetric directional coupler is improved by BPM simulation software. The coupling distance, coupling length and other parameters can be obtained by simulation analysis. Combining with the above analysis, the reasonable optical waveguide structure and corresponding electrode structure parameters are designed. Secondly, the corresponding waveguide and electrode mask are fabricated according to the above analysis and design parameters, and the switching and switching are studied. The influence of annealing parameters on the phase matching condition is also studied. The fabrication process of low loss optical waveguide and the fabrication process of high quality electrode are also studied. Then, a tunable LiNbO_3 optical waveguide mode division multiplexer is developed according to these parameters. Finally, the fabricated devices are tested and analyzed. The parameters to be tested include the transmission spectrum, near-field output and insertion loss of the device. The test results show that the device not only realizes the function of the mode division multiplexer, but also realizes the broadband mode switching function with tunable coupling efficiency and central wavelength. When the harmonic voltage is 9 V, the isolation can reach 27 dB..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.1
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